FAUNA OF VIETNAM, 27
INTRODUCTION
In this volume, 312 species of nine subfamilies of the family Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) from Vietnam are listed and keyed. All specimens were collected from all parts of Vietnam (except islands) during the long period from 1981 up till now and deposited in the Parasitic Hymenoptera Collections at the Institute of Ecology & Biological Resources (IEBR) and Vietnam National Museum of Nature (VNMN), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST).
Specimens of braconid wasps were checked by the author, the identification of all species were made by author with the great help of late Prof. Dr. Tobias V. I. and Dr. Belokobylskij S. A. from Zoological Institute St. Petersburg (ZIP), Russian Academy of Science (RAS), Prof. Dr. van Achterberg C. from Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Naturalis Leiden (RMNH), The Netherlands.
Among the parasitoids are the two largest families of Hymenoptera, the Braconidae and Ichneumomidae (superfamily Ichneumonoidea), there are up to 17.000 valid species of Braconidae worldwide. Published estimates (van Achterberg, 1984) further suggest that only one-half to one-third of the world’s species have been formally described. The family occurs around the world and is diverse in all areas. Van Achterberg (1976) provided a summary of the taxonomic history of the family, Show & Huddleston (1991) discussed the family’s classification and biology.
The family Braconidae was divived into 44 subfamilies (van Achterberg, 1993), some subfamilies is distributed in wet tropical regions. In Vietnam, with the available reference we recorded 24 subfamilies, 98 genera and 492 species. However, since we have no striking reference for all braconid fauna of Viet Nam, in this volume 298 already known species belonging to 71 genera and 9 subfamilies Alysiinae, Aphidiinae, Betylobraconinae, Brachistinae, Doryctinae, Euphorinae, Exothecinae, Microgastrinae and Rogadinae were described and illustrated. The rest known species will be reported in the next volume.
The first braconid species from Vietnam were reported in the beginning of 20th century (Cameron, 1910a, 1910b, Turner, 1918, 1919a, 1919b, 1920; Kieffer, 1921). Systematically and taxonomically, many braconid wasps were collected in Vietnam but are still non-identified from the 1970 and at that time the braconids were collected mainly by sweeping and rearing from larvae of different pests of agricultural crops, and probably only a small portion of it were identified. The first more or less large txonomical-faunistic results associated with the braconid species of Vietnam were published from 1988 (Belokobylskij, 1988).
During the long period 1986-2006 within the bilateral agreement of the Institute of Ecology and Biological Resouces (IEBR) at Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST) on one part, and the Russian Academy of Sciences (former the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union) (1986-1991) and the between IEBR and Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Naturalis Leiden (RMNH), the Netherlands (1999-2006) on other part, numerous of entomiological collectings trips were organized in the different provinces of Vietnam. The majority of the insects had been collected in the National Parks and Nature Reserves belonging to the following regions in Vietnam: Northwestern (NW), Northeastern (NE), North Central (CN), the Central (C), South Central (SC), the South Vietnam (S), National Park (NP), and Nature Reserve (NR).
In the period 1988-2008, there were literature on the Braconidae of Vietnam is rare, the first paper related to description of new species collected from Vietnam was published in 1988 (Belokobylskij, 1988). One Vietnamese and two Russian hymenopterist have intesively been studying on braconid fauna of Vietnam since 1990 (KD Long & Belokobylskij, 2003), and after that time the articles published concerning Vietnam’s fauna of the Braconidae are increasing.
Up till now, the authors who have a greate contribution to the knowledge of the family Braconidae of Vietnam are Belokobylskij C. A.: 21 articles, Khuat Dang Long: 23 articles, van Achterberg C.: 3 articles, van Achterberg & Khuat Dang Long: 2, Tobias V. I.: 1 article, Khuat Dang Long & Belokobylskij C. A.: 4 articles, Khuat Dang Long & van Achterberg C.: 14 articles, Tobias V. I. & Khuat Dang Long: 1 articles, Khuat Dang Long & Dang Thi Dzung: 1, Khuat Dang Long & Dang Thi Hoa: 1, Khuat Dang Long & Pham Quynh Mai: 1, Khuat Dang Long & Pham Van Lam: 1, and Belokobylskij & Vu Quang Con: 1.
In Vietnam, some authors are studying on braconid wasps as natural enemies of agricultural insect pests, all these papers are usually related to biology and ecology of braconid parasisoids but unfortunately we do not have a check the collection of braconid wasps and their hosts, however in this book we do reffer to these literatures for clarifying distribution, biology (hosts) and value of braconid wasps in Vietnam.
Probably the Braconidae of Vietnam still have the high endemism because after the short survey and by using seeping nets, some new genera were described from Vietnam, namely Tamdaona Belokobylskij, 1992; Vietcolastes Belokobylskij, 1992; Aulosaphobracon Belokobylskij & Long, 2005 and Pseudofornicia van Achterberg, 2015, except many new species described from Vietnam’s fauna.
Terminology used in this paper follows van Achterberg (1993), sculpture terms are based on Harris (1979) and vein terminology follows the modified Comstock-Needham system (van Achterberg 1993). The information of braconid species of the world fauna see Yu et al. (2016). Abbreviations used in this volume are as follows: N: North; S: South, NC: North Central, NE: Northeast, NW: Northwest; NP: National Park.
This is a part of the major project of the Institute of Ecology & Biological Resources (2003- 2006) supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology Vietnam; of the projects funded by the Vietnam National Foundation for Science and Technology Development (Nafosted) under grant numbers: 106.16.04.09 and 106.15-2012.62. The author would like to express sincere thanks to the following organizations: Vietnam Academy of Science and Techology (VAST), Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources (IEBR), I wish also to thank Dr. van Achterberg C. [Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, the Netherlands], the late Dr. Tobias V. I. and Dr. Belokobylskij S. A. (Zoological Institute St. Petersburg, Russian Academy of Sciences), Dr. Chen Xuexin (Institute of Insect Science, Zhiejiang University, China) for providing literature and/or other information concerning the braconid fauna of Vietnam. Thanks are also due to colleagues from Insect Ecology Department at the Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources.
Author
SUBFAMILY ALYSIINAE LEACH, 1815
Diagnosis. Hypoclypeal depression absent; occipital carina absent; mandibles exodont, not touching when closed; prepectal (epicnemial) carina absent. Small (1-3 mm), rarely medium/large sized wasp. Alysiinae is a derived lineage of the paraphyletic subfamily Opiinae (Buckingham & Sharkey, 1988). For the key to the genera of the subfamily Alysiinae, see Tobias (1986).
Tribe Alysiini
Genus Cratospila Foerster, 1862
Cratospila Foerster, 1862. Verh. Naturh. Ver. Preuss. Rheinl. Wes., 19:225-288.
1. Cratospila alboapicalis Tobias, 1990 (Figs 1 a-f).
Cratospila alboapicalis Tobias, 1990. Trudy Zool. Inst. Vol.209: 100.
S. Vietnam: Kon Tum, Gia Lai (Buon Luoi).
Genus Dacnusa Haliday, 1833
Dacnusa Haliday, 1833. Entomological Magazine. 1 (iii):259-276, 333-350.
2. Dacnusa sibirica Telenga, 1935 (Figs 2 a-f)
Dacnusa (Pachysema) sibirica Telenga,1935. Ver. Ges. Lux. Natur., 1934(12):107-125.
Biology: host Lyriomyza sativa (Agromyzidae).
NE. Vietnam: Ha Noi (Gia Lam).
Genus Orthostigma Ratzeburg, 1844
Orthostigma Ratzeburg, 1844. Berlin. 224 pp.
Key to species of the genus Orthostigma Ratzeburg from Vietnam
| 1a. |
Notauli deep, long and crenulate (Fig. 3c); precoxal sulcus wide and rugulose; propodeum with long areola; vein 2-SR of fore wing 2.0 times as long as vein r; pterostigma distinctly narrowed apically; subdiscal cell parallel-sided (Fig. 3d) |
Orthostigama multicarinatum Tobias |
| b. |
Notauli absent or near so (Fig. 4c); precoxal sulcus narrow and crenulate; propodeum with large pentagonal areola; vein 2-SR of fore wing slightly longer than vein r; pterostigma parallel-sided; subdiscal cell wide posteriorly (Fig. 4d) |
Orthostigama tumidum Tobias |
3. Orthostigma multicarinatum Tobias, 1990 (Figs 3 a-d)
Orthostigma multicarinatum Tobias, 1990. Trudy Zool. Inst. Vol.209: 102.
NC. Vietnam: Thanh Hoa, S. Vietnam: Gia Lai.
4. Orthostigma tumidum Tobias, 1990 (Figs 4 a-d)
Orthostigma tumidum Tobias, 1990. Trudy Zool. Inst. Vol.209: 104.
NC. Vietnam: Thanh Hoa.
Genus Phaenocarpa Foerster, 1862
Phaenocarpa Foerster, 1862. Verh. Natur. Ver. Preuss. Rheinl. Westfalens. 19:225-288.
Key to species of the genus Phaenocarpa Foerster from Vietnam
| 1a. |
Length of body at least 5.0 mm; first tergite 1.3 times as long as its apical width (Fig. 6d); face with shallow median rugulose groove; third antennal segment 0.7 times as long as fourth; vein 2-SR of fore wing 0.75 times as long as vein 3-SR; middle tooth smaller, upper and lower teeth indistinct (Fig. 6b); body black, palpi pale yellow; mesonotum and all tergites reddish brown (except first tergite black); antenna brown, scapus and predicel brownish yellow; tegula yellow; legs yellow |
Phaenocarpa testaceiventris (Cameron) |
| b. |
Length of body less than 5.0 mm; first tergite 1.5 times as long as its apical width (Fig. 5d); face shiny and smooth; third antennal segment 0.7 times as long as fourth; vein 2-SR of fore wing 0.75 times as long as vein 3-SR; middle tooth larger, upper and lower teeth distinct (Fig. 5d); body drak brown, palpi pale yellow; mandible, scapus, predicel, metapleura and tegula reddish brown; legs brownish yellow. |
Phaenocarpa cameroni Papp |
5. Phaenocarpa cameroni Papp, 1967 (Fig. 5)
Phaenocarpa cameroni Papp, 1967. Reichenbachia vol. 8(20):146.
N. Vietnam: Tonkin.
6. Phaenocarpa testaceiventris (Cameron, 1910) (Figs 6 a-d)
Stiralysia testaceiventris Cameron, 1910. Wien ento. Ztg. Bd. 29:7-8.
N. Vietnam: Tonkin.
SUBFAMILY APHIDIINAE HALIDAY, 1833
Diagnosis. Aphidiinae is placed with the idiobiont (cyclostome) Braconidae because of the presence of the apomorphies: hind wing with anterior margin excavated basally and with long sensory setae present near junction of vein R and r-m; metasomal tergites weakly sclerotized; labrum smooth, triangular and mostly smooth. For the key to the genera of the subfamily Aphidiinae, see Starý (1970).
Genus Aphidius Nees, 1819
Aphidius Nees, 1819. Nov. Acta Phys. Med. Acad. Ceasar. Leop. Carol. Erlangen. 9(1818): 299-310.
Key to species of the genus Aphidius Nees from Vietnam
| 1a. |
Ocelli in high triangle, antenna with less than 16 segments; lateral area of first tergite with 2-3 longitudinal striae (Fig. 7f) |
Aphidius colemani Viereck |
| b. |
Ocelli in low triangle, antenna usually with less than 17-18 segments; lateral area of first tergite with dense longitudinal striae (Fig. 8b) |
Aphidius rosae Haliday |
7. Aphidius (Aphidius) colemani Viereck, 1912 (Figs 7 a-f)
Aphidius (Aphidius) colemani Viereck, 1912. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 42:139-153.
Biology: hosts Aphis fabae, A. crasivora, A. gossypii, Diuraphis noxia, Hyalopterus pruni, Myzus persicae, Pentalonia nigronervosa [Musa], Phorodon humuli [Humulus lupulus],
NE. Vietnam: Ha Noi (Gia Lam, Soc Son); S. Vietnam: Lam Dong (Da Lat).
8. Aphidius (Aphidius) rosae Haliday, 1833 (Figs 8 a-e)
Aphidius (Aphidius) rosae Haliday, 1833. Entomol. Mag., 1(iii):259-276, 333-350.
Genus Diaeretiella Starý, 1960
Diaeretieila Starý, 1960. Casopis Ceskoslovenske Spolecnosti Ent., 57(3): 238-252.
9. Diaeretiella rapae (M’Intosh, 1855) (Figs 9 a-f)
Aphidius rapae M’Intosh, 1855. W. Blackwood & Sons. Edinburgh and London, p. 194.
Biology: hots Brevicoryne brassicae, Diuraphis noxia, Lipaphis erysimi
NE. Vietnam: Ha Noi (Tu Liem).
Genus Lysiphlebia Stary & Schlinger, 1967
Lysiphlebia Starý & Schlinger,1967. Series Ent. Dr. W. Junk. The Hague. 204 pp.
10. Lysiphlebia japonica (Ashmead, 1906) (Figs 10 a-e)
Lysiphlebus japonicus Ashmead,1906. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 30:169-201.
Biology: hosts Aphis crassivor, A. fabae, A. gossypii, Myzus persicae, Rhopalosiphum maidis (sorghum, zea), Toxoptera spp.
NE. Vietnam: Ha Noi.
Genus Misaphidus Rondani, 1877
Misaphidus Rondani, 1877. Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana. 9:166-206.
11. Misaphidus brevicornis (Haliday, 1833) (Figs 11 a-i)
Aphidius (Trioxys) brevicomis Haliday, 1833. Entomol. Mag., 1(5): 480-491.
Bilogy: hosts Brachycorynella asparagi, Cavariella spp., Hyadaphis spp., Myzus persicae, Myzus spp., Semiaphis spp.
NE. Vietnam: Ha Noi (Dong Anh, Gia Lam).
SUBFAMILY BETYLOBRACONINAE TOBIAS, 1979
Diagnosis. Hypoclypeal depression absent; inner side of eyes not emarginated; occipital carina complete; prepectal carina usually present. Small subfamily, for the key to the genera of the subfamily Betylobraconinae, see van Achterberg (1995). Tribe Aulosaphobraconini Belokobylskij & Long, 2005
Genus Aulosaphobracon Belokobylskij & Long, 2005
Aulosaphobracon Belokobylskij & Long, 2005. Mitt. Mus. Nat.kd. Berl., Dtsch. entomol. Z. 52,1: 157.
12. Aulosaphobracon capitatus Belokobylskij & Long, 2005 (Figs 12 a-p)
Aulosaphobracon capitatus Belokobylskij & Long, 2005 Mitt. Mus. Nat.kd. Berl., Dtsch. entomol. Z. 52,1: 157.
NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Mai Chau).
Tribe Facitorini van Achterberg, 1995
Genus Facitorus van Achterberg, 1995
Facitorus van Achterberg, 1995. Zool. Verh. Leiden, 298: 40.
Key to species of the genus Facitorus van Achterberg, 1995
| 1a. |
Mesoscutum smooth; hind coxa dorsally without striation; transeverse diameter of eye 2.7 times as long as temple; pterostigma 0.8 times as long as metacarpus; third tergite entirely smooth |
Facitorus tamdaoensis Belokobylskij & Long |
| b. |
Mesoscutum densely and largely granulate; hind coxa dorsally at least striate basally; transeverse diameter of eye 1,8-2,0 times as long as temple; pterostigma 1.1-1.2 times as long as metacarpus |
Facitorus granulosus Belokobylskij & Long |
13. Facitorus granulosus Belokobylskij & Long, 2005 (Figs 13a-j)
Factions granulosus Belokobylskij & Long, 2005. Mitt. Mus. Nat. kd. Berl., Dtsch. entomol. Z. 52,1: 159.
NE. Vietnam: Vinh Phuc (Tam Đao); NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Cao Phong, Mai Chau).
14. Facitorus tamdaoensis Belokobylskij & Long, 2005 (Figs 14a-j)
Factions tamdaoensis Belokobylskij & Long, 2005. Mitt. Mus. Nat.kd. Berl., Dtsch. entomol. Z. 52,1: 162.
NE. Vietnam: Vinh Phuc (Tam Dao NP).
SUBFAMILY BRACHISTINAE (CALYPTINAE) FOERSTER, 1862
Diagnosis. Sometimes this subfamily is treated as a tribe of Helconinae, however, apart from the absence of vein r-m of fore wing, the small wasps of this subfamily have three anterior metasomal tergites forming a carapace but with more or less distinctly suture between tergites. The Brachistinae contains small or medium-sized wasps, which are reported as pasitoids of beetles (Cucurlionidae) (Tobias, 1986).
The subfamily comprises 12 genera with more than 300 species in the world. Key to genera of tribes Brachistini see Mason (1974), and of Triaspidini of the Indo-Australian region see Papp (1984). For the key to the genera of the subfamily Brachistinae of USSR Europian part, see Tobias (1986).
Genus Schizoprymnus Foerster, 1862
Schizoprymnus Foerster, 1862. Verh. naturh. Ver. preuss. Rheinl. 19: 242.
Key to species of the genus Schizoprymnus Foerster, 1862 from Vietnam
| 1a. |
Rim of third tergite below denticulate apically (Figs 18f, 18i); face densely punctate; carapace globose in lateral view (Fig. 18f) twicw as long as wide; antenna with 25 segments; ovipositor sheath as long as carapace; wing hyaline; body length 3.0 mm |
Schizoprymnus odrinus (Papp) |
| b. |
Rim of third tergite below not denticulate (Figs 15h, 15i, 16b, 17g) or with a denticulate apically (S. (S.) torilis) (Figs 19b, 19c); other characters variable |
2 |
| 2a. |
Vein r of fore wing arising from middle of pterostigma (Fig. 17f); in dorsal view, eye and temple equal in length; antenna with 19 segments; ovipositor sheath as long as mesosoma and carapace combined; body length 2.4-2.5 mm |
Schizoprymnus irrepectus Papp |
| b. |
Vein r of fore wing arising behind middle of pterostigma (Fig. 15a); other characters variable. |
3 |
| 3a. |
Marginal cell of fore wing long, vein 1-R1 longer than pterostigma (Fig. 15a) |
4 |
| b. |
Marginal cell of fore wing short, vein 1-R1 shorter or as long as pterostigma (Fig. 19c) |
6 |
| 4a. |
Males; antenna with 28 segments; in lateral view carapace downcurved and strongly rugose (Fig. 15c); vein r of fore wing little behind middle of pterostigma; leggs reddish yellow |
Schizoprymnus carulus Papp |
| b. |
Females; leggs reddish yellow or dark brown |
5 |
| 5a. |
Carapace in dorsal view elongate (Fig. 15b), 1.6-1.8 times as long as broad, its surface rugose with striate; ovipositor sheath in latero-ventral view shorter than hind tibia; body length 3.7-4.0 mm |
Schizoprymnus carulus Papp |
| b. |
Carapace in dorsal view globose (Fig. 16c), its surface striate weakening posteriory; ovipositor sheath in latero-ventral view as long as body; body length 3.0 mm |
Schizoprymnus dotyphorus Papp |
| 6a. |
Temple in dorsal view strongly rounded (Fig. 19d); antenna with 20-21 segments; apical rim of carapace with a pair of denticules (Fig.19e); vein r of fore wing arising little behind middle of pterostigma (Fig. 19c); face smooth, some specimens with face rugose; body length 22-2.1 mm |
Schizoprymnus tortilis Papp |
| b. |
Temple in dorsal view constricted; antenna with 24 segments; apical rim of carapace without a pair of denticules; vein r of fore wing arising distinctly behind middle of pterostigma; face shiny, smooth; body length 3.0 mm |
Schizoprymnus granatus Papp |
15. Schizoprymnus calurus Papp, 1993 (Figs 15a-i)
Schizoprymnus calurus Papp, 1993. Acta Zool. hung. vol. 39, 1-4: 134. S. Vietnam: Lam Dong (Lang Bian).
16. Schizoprymnus doryphorus Papp, 1991 (Figs 16 a-i)
Schizoprymnus doryphorus Papp, 1991. Acta Zool. hung. vol. 37,1-2: 84. S. Vietnam: Lam Dong (Fian).
17. Schizoprymnus irrepertus Papp, 1991 (Figs 17 a-g)
Schizoprymnus irrepertus Papp, 1991. Acta Zool. hung. vol. 37,1-2: 85. S. Vietnam: Lam Dong (Liang Bian).
18. Schizoprymnus (S.) tortilis Papp, 1984 (Figs 18a-i)
Schizoprymnus tortilis Papp, 1984. Acta Zool. hung. vol. 30, 1-2: 157. S. Vietnam: Lam Dong (Di Linh, Lang Bian, Da Lat).
Genus Triaspis Haliday, 1835
Triaspis Haliday, 1835. J. Str. Branch Royal Asiatic Soc., 80: 39-59.
19. Triaspis odrinus (Papp, 1993) (Figs 19 a-e)
Schizoprymnus (Muiriella) odrinus Papp, 1993. Acta Zool. hung. vol. 37, 1-2: 149. S. Vietnam: Lam Dong (Di Linh, 1200 m).
SUBFAMILY DORYCTINAE FOERSTER, 1862
Diagnosis. One subfamily of the cyclotome Braconidae; hypoclypeal depression present; inner side of fore tibia usually with a raw of spines; occipital carina present but sometimes absent ventrally; prepectal carina present; most solitary idiobiont ectoparasitoids of Coleoptera larvae.
For the key to Doryctinae genera of the USSR Europian part, see Belokobylskij & Tobias (1986); of Japan’s fauna, see Belokobylskij & Maeto (2009); and of North America, see Marsh (1965); key to the Taiwanese genera of Doryctinae, see Belokobylskij (1996).
Genus Arhaconotus Belokobylskij, 2001
Arhaconotus Belokobylskij, 2001. Russian Entomol. J. 2000 9(4): 345.
20. Arhaconotus vietnamicus Belokobylskij, 2001 (Figs 20 a-j)
Arhaconotus vietnamicus Belokobylskij, 2001. Zoosyst. Rossica, vol. 10, no. 1: 159. NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Da Bac, Cao Phong, Mai Chau).
Genus Asiaheterospilus Belokobylskij & Konishi, 2001
Asiaheterospilus Belokobylskij & Konishi, 2001. Entomol. Sci. 4 (2): 135.
21. Asiaheterospilus eugenii Belokobylskij & Long, 2015 (Figs 21 a-o)
Asiaheterospilus eugenii Belokobylskij & Long, 2015. Entomological Review, 95(4): 495. NE. Vietnam (Ha Giang: Vi Xuyen, Tay Con Linh Mt.).
Genus Caenophanes Foerster, 1862
Caenophanes Foerster, 1862. Verhandl. naturhist. Verlines preuss. Reinlande U. Wesphalens, 19: 236.
22. Caenophanes luculentus Belokobylskij, 1993 (Figs 22 a-k)
Caenophanes luculentus Belokobylskij, 1993. Russian Entomol. J., 2(2): 92. NE. Vietnam: Vinh Phuc (Tam Dao NP); NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh.
Genus Dendrosotinus Telenga, 1941
Dendrosotinus Telenga, 1941. Fauna SSSR, Hymenoptera, vol. 5, pt. 3. Braconidae, Braconinae (cont.) and Sigalphinae XII: 387.
23. Dendrosotinus gratus Belokobylskij, 1993 (Figs 23 a-i)
Dendrosotinus gratus Belokobylskij, 1993. Belokobylskij, 1993. Zoosyst. rossica vol. 1:94.
NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh.
Genus Doryctes Haliday, 1836
Doryctes Haliday, 1836. Ent. Mag., 4: 40, 43. 23*. Doryctes tristriatus Kieffer, 1921 (Figs 23* a-b)
23*. Doryctes tristriatus Kieffer, 1921. Bull, agric. L’Inst. scient Saigon Anne 3, vol. 5: 134.
N. Vietnam: Tonkin.
Genus Doryctophasmus Enderlein, 1912
Doryctophasmus Enderlein, 1912. Arch. Naturgesch. Bd., 78 A(2): 18.
24. Doryctophasmus ferrugineiceps Enderlein, 1912 (Figs 24 a-i)
Doryctophasmus ferrugineiceps Enderlein, 1912. Arch. Naturgesch. Bd., 78 A(2): 18. NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Cao Phong).
Genus Ecphylus Foerster, 1862
Ecphylus Foerster, 1862. Verh. naturh. Ver. preuss. Reinl., 19: 237.
Key to species of the genus Ecphylus Foerster from Vietnam
| 1a. |
Three apical antennal segments white; length of mesosoma 1.8-2.0 times its height; first tergite long, its length 1.1-1.2 times its apical width; ovipositor sheath 1.1-1.3 times longer than metasoma and 1.4-2.2 times shorter than fore wing |
Ecphylus alboapicalis Belokobylskij |
| b. |
Two apical antennal segments white; length of mesosoma 1.8-2.0 times its height; first tergite long, its length 1.1-1.2 times its apical width; ovipositor sheath 1.4-1.5 times longer than metasoma and 2.8-3.0 times shorter than fore wing |
Ecphylus brevitergum Belokobylskij |
25. Ecphylus alboapicalis Belokobylskij, 1993 (Figs 25 a-j)
Ecphylus alboapicalis Belokobylskij, 1993. Russian Entomol. J., 2(2): 38.
NE. Vietnam: Vinh Phuc (Tam Dao NP); NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh.
26. Ecphylus brevitergum Belokobylskij, 1993 (Figs 26 a-h)
Ecphylus brevitergum Belokobylskij, 1993. Russ. Ent. J., 2(2): 40.
NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh; NC. Vietnam: Thanh Hoa.
Genus Eodendrus Belobokylskij, 1998
Eodendrus Belokobylskij, 1998: Belokobylskij et al., 2005. Journal of Natural History, 39(29): 2716.
Key to species of the genus Eodendrus Belokobylskij from Vietnam
| 1a. |
Mesosoma 2.4-2.5 times as long as its height; mesoscutum slightly convex (Fig.27f); second and third tergites largely yellow laterally, brown to reddich brown medially; body length of male 3.9-4.2 mm |
Eodendrus elongatus Belokobylskij & Long |
| b. |
Mesosoma 2.0-2.2 times as long as its height; mesoscutum strongly convex; second and third tergites entirely brown or brownish yellow |
2 |
| 2a. |
In lateral view, eye width 1.4 times as wide as temple (Fig. 28c); length of submaginal cell of fore wing 3.4 times as long as its maximum width (Fig. 28e); vertex almost smooth medially, coriaceous laterally (Fig. 28b); scapus 1.25 times as long as wide; body length 2.4 mm |
Eodendrus flavus Belokobylskij & Long |
| b. |
In lateral view, eye width 2.0 times as wide as temple (Fig. 29c); length of submaginal cell of fore wing 2.8-3.0 times as long as its maximum width (Fig. 29e); vertex densely granulate, partly transversely striae; scutellum distinctly granulate; body length 3.0-3.3 mm |
Eodendrus hoabinicus Belokobylskij & Long |
27. Eodendrus elongatus Belokobylskij & Long, 2005 (Figs 27 a-m)
Eodendrus elongatus Belokobylskij & Long, 2005. Journal of Natural History, 39(20): 2728.
NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Da Bac); NC. Vietnam: Ha Tinh (Huong Son).
28. Eodendrus flavus Belokobylskij & Long, 2005 (Figs 28 a-k)
Eodendrus flavus Belokobylskij & Long, 2005. Journal of Natural History, 39(20): 2734.
NE. Vietnam: Vinh Phuc (Me Linh, Tam Dao NP).
29. Eodendrus hoabinicus Belokobylskij & Long, 2005 (Figs 29 a-k)
Eodendrus hoabinicus Belokobylskij & Long, 2005. Journal of Natural History, 39(20): 2737.
NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Da Bac); NC. Vietnam: Ha Tinh (Huong Son).
Genus Heterospilus Haliday, 1836
Heterospilus Haliday, 1836. Ent. Mag., 4: 36.
Key to species of the genus Heterospilus Haliday from Vietnam
| 1a. |
Mesoscutum smooth; scapus short, robust, its length as long as wide; ovipositor thicker and curved upwards apically (Fig. 35h); body length 2.0-2.3 mm |
Neoheterospilus curvicaudis (Belokobylskij) |
| b. |
Mesoscutum rugulose or granulate; scapus slender, its length 1.5-2.0 times as long as wide; ovipositor normal and straight or slightly curved down (Fig. 37f); body length 2.0-2.3 mm |
2 |
| 2a. |
Vertex granulate; vein CU1a in one line with vein 2-CU1; body compressed, mesosoma 3.25 times as long as height; pronotum without carina; fore wing with three dark vertical bands (Fig. 37h) |
Heterospilus pinicola Belokobylskij |
| b. |
Vertex rugulose or smooth; vein CU1a not in one line with vein 2-CU1; body not compressed, mesosoma 1.7-2.2 times as long as height; pronotum with carina; fore wing withot three dark vertical bands |
3 |
| 3a. |
Antenna with 3-7 apical whitish yellow segments; vein 3-SR of fore wing 2.4-3.0 times shorter vein SR1; third-fifth tergites rugulose at apical half or third. |
4 |
| b. |
Antenna without apical whitish yellow segments; vein 3-SR of fore wing 5.0-6.0 times shorter vein SR1; third-fifth tergites without scuplture at apical half or third |
6 |
| 4a. |
Antenna thick, third antennal segment 3.3 times as long as its width; mesosoma 1.7 times as long as its height, mesoscutum with distinct transverse rugosities; first tergite large, its length 1.2 shorter than apical width; second tergite with median transverse depression (Fig. 38g); body length 3.5 mm |
Heterospilus tulyensis Belokobylskij |
| b. |
Antenna thinner, third antennal segment 4.0-5.0 times as long as its width; mesosoma more than 2.0 times as long as its height, mesoscutum densely granulate; first tergite long, its length 1.1-1.3 times as long as apical width |
5 |
| 5a. |
Second tergite with a transverse depression (Fig. 33e); body length 3.1 -3.4 mm |
Heterospilus alboapiclis Belokobylskij |
| b. |
Second tergite with a sinuate depression (Fig. 36d); body length 2.7-3.1 mm |
Heterospilus hemitestaceus Belokobylskij |
| 6a. |
Head and mesosoma not depressed, its length 2.2 times as longs as height; third antennal segment long, 6.0 times as long as its width and 1.2 times as long as fourth segment; vein SR1 straight (Fig. 34g); hind wing (Fig. 34h); head light reddish brown |
Heterospilus caophongensis Belokobylskij |
| b. |
Head and mesosoma depressed, its length 2.4-2.7 times as long as height; third antennal segment 4.0 times as long as its width and sbequal to fourth segment; vein SR1 lightly curved; hind wing; head black or blckish brown |
Heterospilus rubrocinctus (Ashmead) |
Genus Halycaea Cameron, 1903
Halycaea Cameron, 1903. J. Straits Brch R. Asiat. Soc. 39: 127.
Type species Halycaea erythrocephala Cameron, 1903, by monotypy.
30. Halycaea (Sinohalycaea) sonata Belokobylskij, 2002 (Figs 30 a-j)
Halycaea (Sinohalycaea) sonata Belokobylskij, 2002. Zoologische Mededelingen, Leiden 76(1-16): 73.
S. Vietnam: Lam Dong (Da Lat).
31. Halycaea (Halycaea) sugonjaevi Long & Belokobylskij, 2015 (Figs 31 a-j)
Halycaea (Halycaea) sugonjaevi Long & Belokobylskij, 2015. Entomological Review, 95(4): 490.
NC. Vietnam: Thua Thien-Hue (Bach Ma NP).
32. Halycaea vietnamica Long & Belokobylskij, 2015 (Figs 32 a-h)
Halycaea (Sinohalycaea) vietnamica Long & Belokobylskij, 2015. Entomological Review, 95(4): 492.
NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Mai Chau, Pa Co).
Genus Heterospilus Haliday, 1836
Heterospilus Haliday, 1836. En. Mag., 4:36.
33. Heterospilus alboapicalis Belokobylskij, 1994 (Figs 33 a-i)
Heterospilus alboapicalis Belokobylskij, 1994. Tropical Zoology 7:18.
NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Da Bac, Cao Phong, Mai Chau).
34. Heterospilus caophongensis Belokobylskij, 1994 (Figs 34 a-h)
Heterospilus caophongensis Belokobylskij, 1994. Tropical Zoology 7: 21.
NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Cao Phong).
35. Neoheterospilus curvicaudis (Belokobylskij, 1994) (Figs 35 a-h)
Heterospilus curvicaudis Belokobylskij, 1994. Tropical Zoology 7: 12.
NW.Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Cao Phong).
36. Heterospilus hemitestaceus Belokobylskij, 1996 (Figs 36 a-h)
Heterospilus hemitestaceus Belokobylskij, 1996. Zoosyst. Rossica, vol. 5: 172.
NE. Vietnam: Vinh Phuc (Tam Dao NP)
37. Heterospilus pinicola Belokobylskij, 1994 (Figs 37 a-j)
Heterospiluspinicola Belokobylskij, 1994. Tropical Zoology 7: 14.
NE. Vietnam: Vinh Phuc (Tam Dao NP).
37*. Heterospilus rubrocinctus (Ashmead, 1905)
Hecabolus rubrocinctus Ashmead, 1905. Canadian Entomologist 37: 8.
NW. Vietnam: Hoà Bình (Cao Phong).
38. Heterospilus tulyensis Belokobylskij, 1994 (Figs 38 a-g)
Heterospilus tulyensis Belokobylskij, 1994. Tropical Zoology 7: 16.
NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Da Bae).
Genus Ipodoryctes Granger, 1949
Ipodoryctes Granger, 1949. Mem. Inst. Sei. Madagascar. (A)2:106.
Key to species of the genus Ipodoryctes Granger from Vietnam
| 1a. |
Vertex smooth entirely (in large specimens) with short lateral striation; mesoscutum distinctly and entirely rugulose-granulate (especially laterally); antenna with pale subapical segments; irons coarsely and almost entirely rugose-striate; wing distinctly infuscate; occipital carina fused with hypostomal one; submarginal cell of gore wing rather short, 2.3- 3.0 times as long as wide; body length 3.1-5.5 mm |
Ipodoryctes nitidus Belokobylskij |
| b. |
Vertex distincly and usually at most part striate or rugulose-striate, rarely granulate; occipital carina not fused with hypostomal one |
2 |
| 2a. |
Vein CU1a of fore wing arising from posterior third of distal margin of subdiscal cell; second tergite with deep semicircular basal furrow or without furrow; median length of second tergite (with apical area) almost equal to its basal width; basolateral areas of propodeum indistinct |
Ipodoryctes laetus (Belokobylskij) |
| b. |
Vein CU1a of fore wing arising before middle of distal margin of subdiscal cell; second tergite with very shallow basal furrow or without furrow; median length of second tergite (with apical area) 0.5-0.8 times its basal width; basolateral areas of propodeum distinct |
3 |
| 3a. |
Second tergite without separated apical area; mesosoma 1.7-1.8 times as long as its height; second tergite very short, its length 0.45-0.5 times basal width; ovipositor sheath shorter than metasoma; pterostigma brown medially, yellow basally and apically; length of first tergite aqual to its apical width; areola of propodeum indistinct; precoxal sulcus running along anterior 2/3 of lower part of mesopleura; mesosoma and metasoma dark reddish brown; head reddish brown; body length 3.5 mm |
Ipodoryctes brevitergum Belokobylskij |
| b. |
Second tergite with rather distinctly separated apical area; other characters variable |
4 |
| 4a. |
Second tergite without basal area |
5 |
| b. |
Second tergite with rather distinct, short, at least partly smooth basal area |
6 |
| 5a. |
Malar space short, 0.25 times as high as eye in lateral view and 0.6 times as wide as width of basal width of mandible; hind femur rather short, 2.6 times its width; hind basitarsus 0.6 times as long as second-fifth tarsal segments combined; vein r of fore wing arising distinctly before middle of pterostigma; sixth tergite with shallow median emagination on posterior margin; body length 3.7 mm |
Ipodoryctes longi Belokobylskij |
| b. |
Malar space long, 0.4 times as high as eye in lateral view and 0.8-1.0 times as wide as width of basal width of mandible; hind femur slender, 3.4-3.6 times its width; hind basitarsus 0.75-0.9 times as long as second-fifth tarsal segments combined; vein r of fore wing arising from or behind middle of pterostigma; sixth tergite without emagination on posterior margin; larger wasps; body length 3.4-7.4 mm |
Ipodoryctes andreii Belokobylskij |
| 6a. |
Hind femur, all tibiae and tarsi almost entirely black; sixth tergite with rather shallow median emagination on posterior margin; scutellum almost smooth; body length 7.0 mm |
Ipodoryctes rugosiscutum Belokobylskij |
| b. |
Hind femur a; most entirely, all tibiae (except often dark basal part) and tarsi at most part light reddish brown or brownish yellow; sixth tergite without emargination on posterior margin; scutellum almost entirely granulate |
7 |
| 7a. |
Antennae 48-51 segmented, unicolour dark in apical half; third antennal segment 3.3-3.5 times as long as its apical width; vertex rugose and undulately striate; body reddish brown; head and hind coxae light ressish brown; body length 6.0-7.0 mm |
Ipodoryctes tamdaoensis Belokobylskij |
| b. |
Antennae 37-42 segmented, with 6-8 whitish yellow subapical segments; third antennal segment 4.0-4.5 times as long as its apical width; vertex transversely and rather regularly striate; body almost entirely black; hind coxae almost black; body length 3.3-5.4 mm |
Ipodoryctes annulicomis Belokobylskij |
39. Ipodoryctes andreii Belokobylskij, 2001 (Figs 39 a-k)
Ipodoryctes andreii Belokobylskij, 2001. Zoosyst. Rossica, vol. 10: 135.
W. Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Da Bac); S. Vietnam: Gia Lai.
40. Ipodoryctes annulicornis Belokobylskij, 1994 (Figs 40 a-i)
Ipodoryctes annulicomis Belokobylskij, 1994. Zoosyst. Rossica, vol. 3: 138.
NE. Vietnam: Vinh Phuc (Tam Dao NP), Ha Tay; NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh.
41. Ipodoryctes brevitergum Belokobylskij, 2001 (Figs 41 a-j)
Ipodoryctes brevitergum Belokobylskij, 2001. Zoosyst. Rossica, vol. 10: 138.
NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Mai Chau).
42. Ipodoryctes laetus (Belokobylskij, 1990) (Figs 42 a-h)
Epirhacon laetus Belokobylskij, 1990. Proc. Inst. L., 109, pt. 1: 142.
S. Vietnam: Gia Lai.
43. Ipodoryctes longi Belokobylskij, 1994 (Figs 43 a-i)
Ipodoryctes longi Belokobylskij, 1994. Zoosyst. Rossica, vol. 3: 134.
NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Da Bac).
44. Ipodoryctes nitidus Belokobylskij, 2001 (Figs 44 a-j)
Ipodoryctes nitidus Belokobylskij, 2001. Zoosyst. Rossica, vol. 10: 143.
NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Da Bac, Cao Phong, Mai Chau).
45. Ipodoryctes rugosiscutum Belokobylskij, 1994 (Figs 45 a-i)
Ipodoryctes rugosiscutum Belokobylskij, 1994. Zoosyst. Rossica, vol. 3: 136.
NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Mai Chau).
46. Ipodoryctes tamdaoensis Belokobylskij, 1994 (Figs 46 a-j)
Ipodoryctes tamdaoensis Belokobylskij, 1994. Zoosyst. Rossica, vol. 3: 132
NE. Vietnam: Vinh Phuc (Tam Dao NP).
Genus Mimipodoryctes Belokobylskij, 2000
Mimipodoryctes Belokobylskij, 2000. Russian Entomol. J. 2000 9(4): 348.
Key to species of the genus Mimipodoryctes Belokobylskij from Vietnam
| 1a. |
First tergite rather short, 0.8-0.85 times as long as its apical width; second tergite 0.5-0.55 times as long as its apical width; second tergite with basal smooth semicircular area (Figs 49g, k); ovipositor rather short, ovipositor sheath 0.6-0.65 times as long as fore wing; body length 3.5- 5.1 m. |
Mimipodoryctes robustus Belokobylskij |
| b. |
First tergite longer, 1.2 times as long as its apical width; second tergite 0.75-1.0 times as long as its apical width; second tergite without basal smooth semicircular area (Figs 47d, 48d); ovipositor rather longer, ovipositor sheath 0.8-1.1 times as long as fore wing |
2 |
| 2a. |
Second tergite rugulose apically; sixth tergite widely emarginated posteriorly; vertex with sparse sinuate striae; middle tibia dark brown or black basically; hind femur dark reddish brown entirely; body length 4.8-7.6 mm |
Mimipodoryctes peregrinus (Belokobylskij) |
| b. |
Second tergite smooth apically; sixth tergite narrowly emarginated posteriorly; vertex with distinct dense and straight striae; middle tibia pale brown basically; hind femur brownish yellow; body length 3.8-5.0 mm |
Mimipodoryctes korotyaevi (Belokobylskij) |
47. Mimipodoryctes korotyaevi (Belokobylskij, 1996) (Figs 47 a-i)
Ipodoryctes korotyaevi Belokobylskij, 1996. Zoosyst. Rossica, vol. 5: 161.
NE. Vietnam: Vinh Phuc; N. W. Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Mai Chau, Cao Phong); C. N. Vietnam: Thanh Hoa (Ngoc Lac).
48. Mimipodoryctesperegrinus (Belokobylskij, 1994) (Figs 48 a-k)
Ipodoryctesperegrinus Belokobylskij, 1994. Zoosyst. Rossica, vol. 3: 130.
NE.Vietnam: Vinh Phuc (Tam Dao NP).
49. Mimipodoryctes robustus Belokobylskij, 2000 (Figs 49 a-m)
Mimipodoryctes robustus Belokobylskij, 2000. Russian Entomol. J. 9(4): 348
NE.Vietnam: Vinh Phuc (Tam Dao NP); NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Ky Son, Cao Phong, Mai Chau); S. Vietnam: Kon Tum, Gia Lai (Buon Luoi).
Genus Neurocrassus Snoflak, 1945
Neurocrassus Snoflak, 1945. Entomol. Listy, 8: 26.
Key to species of the genus Neurocrassus Snoflak from Vietnam
| 1a. |
Female |
2 |
| b. |
Male |
4 |
| 2a. |
Dorsal tentorial pits indistinct (Fig. 51a); vertex, irons and mesopleuron densely granulate; vein r of fore wing arising before middle of pterostigma; vein m-cu distinctly postfurcal (Fig. 51f); hind femur thick, 2.6-3.0 times as long as its width (Fig. 51e); body length 2.2- 2.9 mm |
Neurocrassus mariae Belokobylskij |
| b. |
Dorsal tentorial pits distinct (Fig. 50a); vertex, frons and (usually) mesopleuron smooth; vein r of fore wing arising from middle of pterostigma; vein m-cu interstitial or slightly postfurcal (Figs 50d, f, g; 52a; 53f); hind femur thinner, 3.3-4.0 times as long as its width |
3 |
| 3a. |
Dorsal tentorial pits near antennal sockets very small and round; scutellum almost smooth; temple 1.4 times shorter than transverse diameter of eye; malar space 2.5 times less than height of eye; vein m-cu of fore wing slightly postfurcal; first tergite 1.2 times as long as its apical width |
Neurocrassus rarus indomalayicus Belokobylskij |
| b. |
Dorsal tentorial pits near antennal sockets large and narrowly oval (Fig. 53a); scutellum granulate; first tergite narrow, its length 1.1-1.2 times as longs as apical width; temple 1.5 times shorter than transverse diameter of eye; vein m-cu of fore wing interstitial (Fig. 53f); malar space 2.3 times less than height of eye; first tergite 1.4 times as long as its apical width |
Neurocriassus tentorialis Belokobylskij |
| 4a. |
Fore wing with rather small and nearly round enlargement (Figs 50d, 52a); first tergite 1.4-1.5 times as long as its apical width |
5 |
| b. |
Fore wing usually with rather large and almost been-like enlargement (Fig. 50f) or rarely without enlargement; temple 1.8-1.9 times shorter than transverse diameter of eye (Fig. 50b); enlargement of fore wing medially narrowed (Figs 50d, f); first tergite 1.4 times as long as its apical width (Fig. 50j); head largely light brown; body length 2.3-3.2 mm |
Neurocrassus crassinervis Belokobylskij |
| 5a. |
Dorsal tentorial pits near antennal sockets small and almost round; head less transverse, its width 1.4 times its medial length; penultimate antennal segment 4.5 times as long as wide; body length 1.8 mm |
Neurocrassus rarus indomalayicus Belokobylskij |
| b. |
Dorsal tentorial pits near antennal sockets large and narrowly oval (Fig. 53a); head more transverse, its width 1.7 times its medial length (Fig. 53b); penultimate antennal segment 2.8 times as long as wide; body length 2.3 mm |
Neurocrassus tentorialis Belokobylskij |
50. Neurocrassus crassinervis Belokobylskij, 1993 (Figs 50 a-j)
Neurocrassus crassinervis Belokobylskij, 1993. Zoosyst. Rossica, vol. 2: 170.
NE.Vietnam: Vinh Phuc (Tam Dao NP).
51. Neurocrassus mariae Belokobylskij, 1993 (Figs 51 a-i)
Neurocrassus mariae Belokobylskij, 1993. Zoosyst. Rossica, vol. 2: 163.
NE.Vietnam: Vinh Phuc (Tam Dao NP).
52. Neurocrassus rarus indomalayicus Belokobylskij, 1993 (Figs 52 a-b)
Neurocrassus ranis indomalayicus Belokobylskij, 1993. Zoosyst. Rossica, vol. 2: 166.
NE. Vietnam: Vinh Phuc (Tam Dao NP); NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh.
53. Neurocrassus tentorialis Belokobylskij, 1993 (Figs 53 a-g)
Neurocrassus tentorialis Belokobylskij, 1993. Zoosyst. Rossica, vol. 2: 167.
NE.Vietnam: Vinh Phuc (Tam Dao NP).
Genus Ontsira Cameron, 1900
Ontsira Cameron, 1900. Mem. Manchr. Lit. Phil. Soc. vol. 44, no. 15: 89.
Key to species of the genus Ontsira Cameron from Vietnam
| 1a. |
Notauli fading in posterior half, here disyinct medial longitudinal carina developed; vein r of fore wing arising before middle of pterostigma, usually from basal third; eye densely setose; occipital carina ventrally disconnected with hypostamal; second tergite sculptured basally, sometimes almost smooth; body length 2.0-2.3 mm |
Cryptontsira parva (Muesebeck) |
| b. |
Notauli completely developed without medial longitudianal carina; vein r of fore wing arising from (or behind) middle of pterostigma or rarely little before middle |
2 |
| 2a. |
Second tergite with more or less basal large and smooth area marginated by distinct posterior depression; hind tibia with basal dark ring and then following short or long pale area; third tergite with distinct transeverse depression at 1/3 or 1/2 basally |
3 |
| b. |
Second tergite without basal large and smooth area marginated by distinct posterior depression |
5 |
| 3a. |
Temple short, its length 1.9-2.0 times less than transverse diameter of eye; ovipositor short, ovipositor sheath 1.5-2.3 times shorter metasoma and 0.2 times as long as fore wing; body length 3.6-4.7 mm |
Ontsira cheops (Nixon) |
| b. |
Cheek long, its length 1.3-1.6 times less than transverse diameter of eye |
4 |
| 4a. |
Ovipositor sheath 1.3-1.7 times longer than metasoma and 0.7-0.9 times as long as fore wing; subalar suture present, sometimes faint; third antennal segment 6.0 times as long as its apical width; hind femur 4.2-4.5 times its width; body length 5.1-6.2 mm |
Ontsira opis Belokobylskij |
| b. |
Ovipositor sheath 1.2-2.0 times shorter metasoma, rarely equal to metasoma, and 0.3-0.5 times as long as fore wing; subalar suture absent; third antennal segment 4.5-5.0 times as long as its apical width; hind femur 3.3-3.6 times its width; colour of body variable; body length 4.0-6.0 mm |
Ontsira palliatus (Cameron) |
| 5a. |
Second tergite sculprured at 1/3-1/2 basally; following tergites smooth; mesoscutum usually densely granulate |
6 |
| b. |
Second tergite coarsely rugulose, rarely rugosity absent near posterior margin |
7 |
| 6a. |
Temple very short, its length 3.3-3.8 shorter than transverse diameter of eye; five apical antennal segments white; first tergite 1.2-1.3 times as long as its apical width; mesoscutum densely finely granulate; body length 3.0-3.7 mm |
Ontsira apposita Belokobylskij |
| b. |
Temple longer, its length 1.5 times shorter transverse diameter of eye; antenna without white segments; mesoscutum and basolateral area of propodeum smooth; mesosoma 1.5 times as long as its height; eye glabrous; vein r of fore wing arising little before middle of pterostigma |
Ontsira tayi Belokobylskij |
| 7a. |
Antenna with more than 30 segments; temple short, its length 2.8 times shorter than transeverse diameter of eye; mesoscutum densely and discretely granulate; third tergite with narrow transeverse striate at basal third; antenna with seven apical segments white; veind CU1a of fore wing arising alomost from middle of brachial cell apically; first tergite 1.2 times as long as apical width; body length 3.3 mm |
Ontsira alboapicalis Belokobylskij |
| b. |
Antenna with 17-19 segments; body length of female 2.5-3.0 mm; ovipositor sheath as long as metasoma; other characters variable |
8 |
| 8a. |
Recurrent vein (m-cu) of fore wing equal to vein 2-SR+M; antenna with 17 segments; head fight brown; mesosoma and metasoma dark brown; body length 2.5 mm |
Ontsira bistriata (Kieffer) |
| b. |
Recurrent vein (m-cu) of fore wing 2.0-3.0 times as long as vein 2-SR+M; antenna with 19 segments; body yellowish brown; body length 2.5 mm. |
Ontsira brevipetiola (Kieffer) |
54. Ontsira alboapicalis Belokobylskij, 1998 (Figs 54 a-i)
Ontsira alboapicalis Belokobylskij, 1998. Ent. Obozr., 77(2): 464.
NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Cao Phong).
55. Ontsira apposita Belokobylskij, 1998 (Figs 55 a-j)
Ontsira apposita Belokobylskij, 1998. Ent. Obozr., 77(2): 466.
NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Mai Chau)
55*. Ontsira bistriata (Kieffer, 1921)
Doryctes bistriatus Kieffer, 1921. Bull, agric. Inst. Scient. Saigon, 3: 136.
N. Vietnam: Phu Tho (cho Ghenh)
55**. Ontsira brevipetiola (Kieffer, 1921)
Doryctes brevipetiolus Kieffer, 1921. Bull, agric. Inst. Scient. Saigon, 3: 137.
N. Vietnam: Bac Bo (cho Ghenh)
55***. Ontsira cheops (Nixon, 1939) (Figs 55*** a-b)
Doryctes cheops Nixon, 1939. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. Ser.l 1, vol. 3: 486.
NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Da Bac, Cao Phong, Mai Chau).
56. Ontsira opis Belokobylskij, 1998 (Figs 56 a-j)
Ontsira opis Belokobylskij, 1998a. Entomol. obozr., vol. 77, n. 2: 469.
NE. Vietnam: Vinh Phuc (Tam Dao NP); NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Mai Chau).
57. Ontsirapalliata (Cameron, 1881) (Figs 57 a-b)
Monolexis palliata Cameron, 1881. Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond.: 560.
NE. Vietnam: Vinh Phuc (Tam Dao NP); NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh.
58. Ontsira tayi Belokobylskij, 1998 (Figs 58 a-i)
Ontsira tayi Belokobylskij, 1998. Entomol. obozr., vol. 77, n. 2: 468.
NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Mai Chau).
Genus Cryptontsira Belokobylskij, 2008
Cryptontsira Belokobylskij, 2008. Zoosystematica Rossica, 17(1): 123.
59. Cryptontsira parva (Muesebeck, 1941) (Figs 59 a-m)
Doryctesparvus Muesebeck, 1941. Proc. ent. Soc. Wash. 43(7): 150.
N. Vietnam: “Bac Bo?”.
Genus Parallorhogas Marsh, 1993
Parallorhogas Marsh, 1993. Cont. Ame. Ent. Inst., 28(1): 1-58.
59*. Parallorhogas pallidiceps (Perkins, 1910) (Fig. 59*)
Ischiogonus pallidiceps Perkins, 1910. Fauna hawaii, 2: 684.
N. Vietnam: Phu Tho (chợ Ghenh).
Genus Rhaconotus Ruthé, 1854
Rhaconotus Ruthé, 1854. Stettin, ent. Ztg. 15: 349.
Key to species of the genus Rhaconotus Ruthé from Vietnam
| 1a. |
Female with 5 visible metasomal tergites; fifth tergite always longer than proceeding and following tergites (if last tergite projecting forward sometimes behind fifth terhite |
2 |
| b. |
Female with 6 visible metasomal tergites; fifth tergite longer than proceeding or of the same length following tergites (if last tergite projecting forward sometimes behind fifth tergite) |
8 |
| 2a. |
Second tergite without apical area, rarely very shallow transverse depression present before suture |
3 |
| b. |
Second tergite with apical area separated by more or less deep and distinct furrow |
5 |
| 3a. |
Mesoscutum sparsely and narrowly setose along notauli and marginally only; first-fourth metasomal tergites distinctly carinate laterally above spiracles; fifth tergite weakly emaginate posterior-laterally; pterostigma dark brown, pale basally and apically; body length 3.3-3.7 mm |
Rhaconotus sauteri (Watanabe) |
| b. |
Mesoscutum densely and widely setose along notauli and marginally or entirely; first- fourth metasomal tergites not carinate laterally; fifth tergite without emaginate posterior- laterally; pterostigma pale brown or yellow entirely; propodeum without marginate basolateral areas |
4 |
| 4a. |
Head behind eyes distinctly roundly narrowed; vertex rather sparsely pubescent; first tergite 1.4 times as long as apical width; small wasps, body length 2.9-3.0 mm |
Rhaconotus testaceus (Szépligeti) |
| b. |
Head behind eyes weakly roundly narrowed; vertex densely pubescent; first tergite 1.1 times as long as apical width; larger wasps, body length 5.0-5.5 mm |
Rhaconotus scirpophagae Wilkinson |
| 5a. |
Second tergite with distinctly separated basal area; third antennal segment shorter than fourth; body length 2.5-2.6 mm |
Rhaconotus basoareolus Belokobylskij |
| b. |
Second tergite without separated basal area; third antennal segment not shorter than fourth; body length 2.5-2.6 mm |
6 |
| 6a. |
Pterostigma yellow entirely; fifth tergite finely reticulate coriaceous in basal 3/4, smooth or almost smooth apically; body length 2.5-3.0 mm |
Rhaconotus concinnus (Enderlein) |
| b. |
Pterostigma brown medially, pale basally and medially; fifth tergite entirely striate with basal reticulation or reticulate-rugulose with apical concentrical striation |
7 |
| 7a. |
Fifth tergite entirely longitudinally reticulte-striate with deep emagination on medio- posterior margin; vertex granulate-striate; hind tibia brownish yellow, faintly paler basally; palpi brownish yellow; fore wing faintly maculate at rather small part; body length 3.4 mm |
Rhaconotus excavatus Belokobylskij |
| b. |
Fifth tergite reticulte-rugulose in medio-anterior half, dnesely concentrically striate in posterior half without emagination on medio-posterior margin; vertex granulate; hind tibia brown, yellow basally; palpi dark reddish brown; fore wing distinctly maculate at rather large part; body length 3.3 mm |
Rhaconotus moaculatus Belokobylskij |
| 8a. |
Second tergite without distinctly separated apical area; vertex rugose-striate with fine granulation; pterostigma brown, yellow basally and apically; precoxal short, running along 2/3 lower part of mesopleura; length of mesosoma 1,8 times as long as its height; mesoscutum distinctly raised above pronotum; ovipositor sheath almost as long as mesosoma, 0.45 times as long as fore wing; body black entirely; body length 3.6 mm |
Rhaconotus caophongus Belokobylskij |
| b. |
Second tergite with apical area more or less distinctly separated by rather deep, wide or narrow furrow, sometimes this area separated by contrasting sculpture |
9 |
| 9a. |
Second tergite with short and usually smooth basal area; transeverse apical area smooth at least partly and not separated anteriorly by furrow from longitudinally scuptured rest of tergite; mesoscutum entirely with dense yellowish setae; vertex dnesely granulate |
10 |
| b. |
Second tergite without basal area; avoid or lenticular apical area scuptured and more or less distinctly separated from rest of tergite by deep or shallow furrow; sometimes length of first tergite more than twice its apical width. |
14 |
| 10a. |
Pterostigma yellow entirely |
11 |
| b. |
Pterostigma brown medially (sometimes pale brown), yellow basally and apically; vein CU1a of fore wing not interstitial; vertex sparse setose; first tergite longer, its length (0.9) 1.0-1.1 times as long as apical width; irons densely granulate; body length 1.5-4.5 mm |
Rhaconotus signatus Belokobylskij |
| 11. |
Sixth tergite with distinct emagination on medio-posterior margin; mesoscutum more gently and weakly raised above pronotum; pronotal carina fine, situated closer to anterior margin of mesoscutum; body length 3.5-4.0 mm |
Rhaconotus puber Belokobylskij |
| b. |
Sixth tergite withot emagination on medio-posterior margin, rarely weakly concave medially; mesoscutum almost perpendicularly and highly raised above pronotum; pronotal carina distinct, situated on pronitum submedially |
12 |
| 12a. |
Second tergite shorter, its length about 0.3 times basal width; body length 2.8-3.7 mm |
Rhaconotus vagrans (Bridwell) |
| b. |
Second tergite shorter, its length 0.4-0.5 times basal width |
13 |
| 13a. |
Ovipositor sheath 0.7-0.9 mm as long as mesosoma, 0.3-0.37 times as long as fore wing; sixth tergite distinctly or (in small sepcimens) finely sculptured, usually circularly striate in posterior third; body black with reddish (simetimes wide) spots or stripes; head always brownish yellow or yellow, sometimes mesonotum and mesopleura entirely and mesosoma widely laterally yellowish red; body length 2.2-3.5 mm |
Rhaconotus signipennis (Walker) |
| b. |
Ovipositor sheath 1.0-1.5 mm as long as mesosoma, 0.4-0.55 times as long as fore wing; sixth tergite usually distinctly or rarely finely sculptured; body length 1.8-5.2 mm |
Rhaconotus formosanus (Watanabe) |
| 14a. |
First tergite very long, 2.3-2.8 times as long as apical width; hind tibia entirely (including base) black or almost black; mesoscutum and vertex with dense and long setae; distance from pronotal carina to mesonotum subsequal to distance from carina to anterior margin of pronotum, sometimes carina closer to anterior part of pronotum; body length 5.7-8.1 mm |
Rhaconotus thayi Belokobylskij |
| b. |
First tergite shoter, 1.5-1.7 times as long as apical width; other charaters variable |
15 |
| 15a. |
Vertex entirely and densely striate, without granuation; sixth tergite entirely densely semicircularly striate; second submarginal cell of fore wing long, 4.0 times as long as wide; pterostigma brown, yellow basally and apically; body length 3.0 mm |
Rhaconotus dabacus Belokobylskij |
| b. |
Vertex densely granulate without striation; sixth tergite smooth at least in apical half; second submarginal cell of fore wing short, 2.5-2.7 times as long as wide; pterostigma yellow entirely; body length 3.7-4.0 mm |
Rhaconotus schoenobivorus (Rohwer) |
60. Rhaconotus basoareolus Belokobylskij, 2001 (Figs 60 a-k)
Rhaconotus basoareolus Belokobylskij, 2001. Zoosyst. Rossica, vol. 10: 102.
NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh; S. Vietnam: Kon Tum, Gia Lai (Buon Luoi).
61. Rhaconotus caophongus Belokobylskij, 2001 (Figs 61 a-k)
Rhaconotus caophongus Belokobylskij, 2001. Zoosyst. Rossica, vol. 10: 107.
NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Cao Phong)
62. Rhaconotus concinnus (Enderlein, 1912) (Figs 62 a-j)
Chremylus concinnus Enderlein,1912. Arch. Naturgesch, 78 A(2): 23.
NE. Vietnam: Thai Nguyen (Phu Luong), Ha Noi; NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Da Bac, Cao Phong); S. Vietnam: Gia Lai (Buon Luoi), Kon Tum.
63. Rhaconotus dabacus Belokobylskij, 2001 (Figs 63 a-j)
Rhaconotus dabacus Belokobylskij, 2001. Zoosyst. Rossica, vol. 10 (1): 111.
NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Da Bae).
64. Rhaconotus excavatus Belokobylskij, 2001 (Figs 64 a-j)
Rhaconotus excavatus Belokobylskij, 2001. Zoosyst. Rossica, vol. 10 (1): 114.
NW. Vietnam: Son La (Song Ma).
64*. Rhaconotus formosanus (Watanabe, 1934) (Figs 64* a-b)
Rhaconotus formosanus Watanabe, 1934. Insecta matsum. 8: 119.
NW. Vietnam: Son La, Hoa Binh; NE. Vietnam: Vinh Phuc (Tam Dao NP), Ha Noi; S. Vietnam: Gia Lai.
65. Rhaconotus insularis Belokobylskij, 1988 (Figs 65 a-h)
Rhaconotus insularis Belokobylskij, 1988. Proc. Zool. Inst., L., 178: 100.
S. Vietnam: Da Nang (Hoang Sa).
66. Rhaconotus moaculatus Belokobylskij, 2001 (Figs 66 a-j)
Rhaconotus moaculatus Belokobylskij, 2001. Zoosyst. Rossica, vol. 10 (1): 118.
NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Cao Phong).
67. Rhaconotus puber Belokobylskij, 2001 (Figs 67 a-k)
Rhaconotus puber Belokobylskij, 2001. Zoosyst. Rossica, vol. 10 (1): 123.
NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Cao Phong).
68. Rhaconotus sauteri (Watanabe, 1934) (Figs 68 a-j)
Spathiohormius sauteri Watanabe, 1934. Insects Matsumura 8: 189.
NE. Vietnam: Ha Noi; NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh.
69. Rhaconotus schoenobivorus (Rohwer, 1918) (Figs 69 a-g)
Hormiopterus choenobivorus Rohwer, 1918. Proc. U. S. natn. Mus. 54: 570.
NE. Vietnam: Ha Noi.
70. Rhaconotus scirpophagae Wilkinson, 1927 (Figs 70 a-b)
Rhaconotus scirpophagae Wilkinson, 1927. Bull. ent. Res. 18: 34.
NE. Vietnam: Ha Noi.
71. Rhaconotus signatus Belokobylskij, 2001 (Figs 71 a-j)
Rhaconotus signatus Belokobylskij, 2001. Zoosyst. Rossica, vol. 10: 125.
NE. Vietnam: Vinh Phuc (Tam Dao NP), Ha Noi.
71*. Rhaconotus signipennis (Walker, 1860) (Fig. 71*)
Spathius signipennis Walker, 1860. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 3(5): 309.
NE. Vietnam: Thai Nguyen, Vinh Phuc (Tam Dao NP); NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh; S. Vietnam: Gia Lai.
72. Rhaconotus testaceus (Szépligeti, 1908) (Figs 72 a-j)
Rhadinogaster testaceus Szépligeti, 1908. Notes Leyden Mus. 29: 224.
NE. Vietnam: Ha Noi; NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Cao Phong); S. Vietnam: Gia Lai (Buon Luoi).
73. Rhaconotus thayi Belokobylskij, 2001 (Figs 73 a-j)
Rhaconotus thayi Belokobylskij, 2001. Rossica, vol. 10: 130.
NE. Vietnam: Vinh Phuc (Tam Dao); NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Da Bae).
73*. Rhaconotus Vagrans (Bridwell, 1920)
Homiopterus Vagrans Bridwell, 1920. proc. Hawaii ent. Soc., 4: 421, 390.
S. Vietnam: Gia Lai.
Genus Rhacontsira Belokobylskij, 1998
Rhacontsira Belokobylskij, 1998. Far Eastern Entoml. n. 54: 2.
Key to species of the genus Rhacontsira Belokobylskij from Vietnam
| 1a. |
Ocelli in low triangle (Fig. 75b); prescutellar depression sculptured; recurrent vein of fore wing antefurcal (Fig. 75f); hind femur 3.3 times as long as its width; length of first tergite 1.2 times as long as its apical width (Fig. 75h); ovipsitor sheath longer, 1.7 times as long as mesosoma and 0.7 times as long as fore wing; vertex entirely coarsely and irregularly striate; body length 2.6 m |
Rhacontsira sculpturator Belokobylskij |
| b. |
Ocelli in high triangle (Fig. 74b); prescutellar depression smooth; recurrent vein of fore wing interstitial (Fig. 74f); hind femur 4.0 times as long as its width; length of first tergite 1.5 times as long as its apical width (Fig. 74h); ovipsitor sheath shorter, 1.3 times as long as mesosoma and 0.5 times as long as fore wing; vertex striate onle medially, remainder smooth; body length 1.7 mm |
Rhacontsira nana Belokobylskij |
74. Rhacontsira nana Belokobylskij, 1998 (Figs 74 a-h)
Rhacontsira nana Belokobylskij, 1998. Far Earstem Ent. no. 54: 7.
NE. Vietnam: Vinh Phuc (Tam Dao NP).
75. Rhacontsira sculpturator Belokobylskij, 1998 (Figs 75 a-g)
Rhacontsira sculpturator Belokobylskij, 1998. Far Earstem Ent. no. 54: 5.
NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Mai Chau).
Genus Spathius Nees, 1819
Spathius Nees, 1819. Nova Acta Acad. Ceasar Leop. Carol 9: 301.
Key to species of the genus Spathius Nees, 1819 from Vietnam
| 1a. |
Setae on outer side of hind tibia about 2.0 times as long as maximum width of hind tibia; vertex smooth; ovipositor sheath equal to metasoma |
Spathius (Spathius) helle Nixon |
| b. |
Setae on outer side of hind tibia shorter or longer than maximum width of hind tibia; vertex with transverse striae, rarely smooth; ovipositor sheathshorter or longer metasoma |
2 |
| 2a. |
Vertex with distinct transverse striae; ovipositor sheath shorter than metasoma; setae on outer side of hind tibia shorter or subequal maximum width of hind tibia |
Spathius (Antespathius) buoluoicus Belokobylskij |
| b. |
Vertex with faint transverse striae; ovipositor sheath longer than metasoma; etae on outer side of hind tibia longer maximum width of hind tibia. |
Spathius (Spathius) apicalis (Westwood) |
76. Spathius (Sputhius) apicalis (Westwood, 1882) (Figs 76 a-b)
Stenophasmus apicalis Westwood, 1882. Tijdschr. Ent. 25: 43.
NE. Vietnam: Bac Bo
77. Spathius (Antespathius) buonluoicus Belokobylskij, 1995 (Figs 77 a-m)
Spaihius (Antespathius) buonluoicus Belokobylskij, 1995. Zoo. Med. Leiden, 69: 49.
S. Vietnam: Kon Tum, Gia Lai (Buon Luoi).
78. Spathius (Spathius) helle Nixon, 1943 (Figs 78 a-d)
Spathius helle Nixon, 1943. Trans. R. ent. Soc. London., 93(2): 225.
NE. Vietnam: Ha Noi.
79. Spathius (Spathius) opis rufovariegatus Nixon, 1943 (Fig. 79)
Spathius opis var. rufovariegatus Nixon, 1943. Trans. R. ent. Soc. London, 93(2): 288.
N. Vietnam: phu Lang Thuong (thanh pho Bac Giang, tinh Bac Giang).
80. Spathius (Spathius) alahamatus Long & Belokobylskij, 2011 (Figs 80 a-1)
Spathius (Spathius) alahamatus Long & Belokobylskij, 2011. Novitates 3721: 2.
NE. Vietnam: Ha Giang.
81. Spathius (Spathius) maichauensis Belokobylskij & Long, 2011 (Figs 81 a-m)
Spathius (Spathius) maichauensis Belokobylskij & Long, 2011. Novitates 3721: 5.
NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh.
82. Spathius (Spathius) pacoensis Belokobylskij & Long, 2011 (Figs 82 a-h)
Spathius (Spathius) pacoensis Belokobylskij & Long, 2011. Novitates 3721: 9.
NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh.
83. Spathius (Spathius) sterlingi Long & Belokobylskij, 2011 (Figs 83 a-1)
Spathius (Spathius) sterlingi Long & Belokobylskij, 2011. Novitates 3721: 12.
C. Vietnam: Quang Nam.
84. Spathius (Ambispathius) subanervis Long & Belokobylskij, 2011 (Figs 84 a-1)
Spathius (Ambispathius) subanervis Long & Belokobylskij, 2011. Novitates 3721: 15.
NE. Vietnam: Ha Noi.
85. Spathius (Spathius) tramlapus Belokobylskij & Long, 2011 (Figs 85 a-m)
Spathius (Spathius) tramlapus Belokobylskij & Long, 2011. Novitates 3721: 18.
S. Vietnam: Kon Tum, Gia Lai.
SUBFAMILY EUPHORINAE FOERSTER, 1862
Diagnosis. This subfamily is a likely polyphyletic assemblage that is difficult to diagnose. Fore wing with or without vein r-m; brachial cell open apically; prepectal carina present laterlly; first metasomal tergite distinctly petiolate or at most very elongate. Representatives of tis subfamily are usually koinobiont endoparasitoids of larvae or adults of Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Orthoptera and Hymenoptera. The subfamily is worldwide comprising more than 60 genera. For the key to the genera of the subfamily Euphorinae, see Shaw (1985);
Genus Blacus Nees, 1819 s. 1.
Blacus Nees, 1819. Nova Acta Acad. Caesar. Leop. Carol. 9: 306.
Key to subgenus of the genus Blacus Nees from Vietnam
| 1a. |
Propodeum without tubercles or indistinctly (absent in males) (Figs 86g, 87h), mostly protruding carinae; propodeum largely smooth; middle claws of female with blackish bristles; scutellum largely smooth; antennal segments of females 15-25, rarely 17-19 |
subgenus Ganychorus Haliday |
| b. |
Propodeum witht tubercles (smaller in males) (Fig. 88g); propodeum usually recticulate or rugose dorsally; middle claws of female without blackish bristles; scutellum usually recticulate or recticulate-rugose; antennal segments of females 18-19, rarely 17 or 18-19 (21-25 in males) |
subgenus Hysterobolus Viereck |
Subgenus Ganychorus Haliday, 1835
Ganychorus Haliday, 1835. Ent. Mag. 3: 39.
Key to species of the subgenus Ganychorus Haliday from Vietnam
| 1a. |
Second-third metasomal tergite ivory; antenna of female brown with 21 segments; surroundings of vein r of fore wing infuscate (Fig. 86a); head yellowish brown; pterostigma largely dark brown; first tergite distinctly widened apically (Fig. 86c); length of body 3.2 mm, of fore wing 3.4 mm |
Blacus (Ganychorus) fulviceps van Achterberg |
| b. |
Second-third metasomal tergite brown to dark brown, sometimes yellowish brown; antenna of female brown, pale yellow apically and with 19-20 segments; surroundings of vein r of fore wing light or weakly infuscate (Fig. 87a); head brown; pterostigma blackish brown; first tergite slightly widened apically (Fig. 87f); body as long as fore wing 2.2 mm |
Blacus (Ganychorus) mellicornis van Achterberg |
86. Blacus (Ganychorus) fulviceps van Achterberg, 1988 (Figs 86 a-k)
Blacus (Ganychorus) fillviceps van Achterberg, 1988. Zool. Verh. Leiden 249: 100.
S. Vietnam: Buon Ma Thuot (Fyan).
87. Blacus (Ganychorus) mellicornis van Achterberg, 1988 (Figs 87 a-j)
Blacus (Ganychorus) mellicomis van Achterberg, 1988. Zool. Verh. Leiden 249: 106.
S. Vietnam: Buon Ma Thuot (M’Drak).
Subgenus Hysterobolus Viereck, 1913
Hysterobolus Viereck, 1913. Proc. U.S. Natn. Muss. 44: 559.
88. Blacus (Hysterobolus) hemicastaneus van Achterberg, 1988 (Figs 88 a-j)
Blacus hemicastaneus van Achterberg, 1988. Zool. Verh. Leiden 249: 128.
S. Vietnam: Buon Ma Thuot (Da Lat).
Genus Dinocampus Foerster, 1862
Dinocampus Foerster, 1862. Verh. Naturh. Ver. Preuss. Rheinl. 19: 252.
89. Dinocampus coccinellae (Schrank, 1802) (Figs 89 a-h)
Ichneumon coccinellae Schrank, 1802. Fauna Boica 2: 310.
NE. Vietnam: Bae Ninh (Tien Son), Ha Noi (Gia Lam, Quoc Oai).
Genus Heia Chen & van Achterberg, 1997
Heia robustipes Chen & van Achterberg, 1997. Zool. Verh. Leiden 313: 49.
90. Heia robustipes Chen & van Achterberg, 1997 (Figs 90 a-m)
Heia robustipes Chen & van Achterberg, 1997. Zool. Verh. Leiden 313: 50.
NE. Vietnam: Vinh Phuc (Tam Dao NP).
Genus Leiophron Nees, 1819
Leiophron Nees, 1819. Nova Acta Acad. Caesar. Leop. Carol. 9: 303.
91. Leiophron buonluoica (Belokobylskij, 1993) (Figs 91 a-h)
Euphoriella buonluoica Belokobylskij, 1993. Russ. Ent. J., 2(2): 66.
S. Vietnam: Kon Tum, Gia Lai (Buon Luoi).
Genus Meteorus Halid ay, 1835
Meteorus Haliday, 1835. Entomol. Mag. 3: 24.
92. Meteorus narangae Sonan, 1943 (Fig. 92)
Meteorus narangae Sonan, 1943. Trans, nat. Hist. Soc. Taiwan, 33: 223. From armyworm Mythimna spp.
NE. Vietnam: Ha Noi (Gia Lam).
Genus Sculptosyntretus Belokobylskij, 1993
Sculptosyntretus Belokobylskij, 1993. Russ. Ent. J, 2(2): 59.
93. Sculptosyntrerus oculatus Belokobylskij, 1993 (Figs 93 a-g)
Sculptosyntretus oculatus Belokobylskij, 1993. Russian Ent. J., 2(2): 60.
S. Vietnam: Kon Tum, Gia Lai (Buon Luoi).
Genus Streblocera Westwood, 1833
Streblocera Westwood, 1833. Lond. Edinb. Dubl. Phil. Mag. 3: 342.
Key to species of the genus Streblocera Westwood from Vietnam
| 1a. |
Face medially with wide and flat horn, which is rounded apically and pointed apicodorsally (Fig. 95c); scape incrasate, long, without tooth, third antennal segment stylet-shaped, narrow, almost triangular in cross section, pointed apically (Fig. 95f); fourth antennal segment joining with third segment near its middle; occipital carina weakly convex dorsally |
Streblocera (Asiastreblocera) rhinoceros Belokobylskij |
| b. |
Face medially without wide and flat horn (Figs 94a, 96b); scape long, with tooth, third antennal segment normal (Figs 93(a)b, 96c); fourth antennal segment joining with third segment near its middle; occipital carina weakly concave dorsally |
2 |
| 2a. |
Third antennal segment 1.5 times as long as fourth, third-eighth antennal segments fused immobile and weakly compressed, with deep ventral excisions between segments; body length 4.0 mm |
Streblocera (Eutanycerus) pila Belokobylskij |
| b. |
Third antennal segment slightly longer or 2.0 times as long as fourth, hird-eighth antennal segments not as described above; body length smaller (2.4-3.0 mm) |
3 |
| 3a. |
Temple short; scape with more or less distinct spine in basal quater; apex of seventh antennal segment with hook-like horn (Fig. 93(a)b); occipital carina completely dorsally |
Streblocera (Eutanycerus) okadai Watanabe |
| b. |
Temple roundly narrowed behind; scape with shorter spine in basal quater; apex of seventh antennal segment without hook-like horn (Fig. 96c); occipital carina weakly convex dorsally and completely dorsomedially |
Streblocera (Eutanycerus) thayi Belokobylskij |
93*. Streblocera okadai Watanabe, 1942 (Figs 93* a-b)
Streblocera okadai Watanabe, 1942. Insecta matsum. 16: 10
NC. Vietnam: Thanh Hoa; S. Vietnam: Gia Lai.
94. Streblocera (Eutanycerus) pila Belokobylsskij, 2000 (Figs 94 a-h)
Streblocera (Eutanycerus) pila Belokobylskij, 2000. Ent. Zeisch. Stugatt 110(9): 292
NC. Vietnam: Thanh Hoa (Lang Chanh).
95. Streblocera (Asiastreblocera) rhinoceros Belokobylskij, 2000 (Figs 95 a-j)
Streblocera( Asiastreblocera) rhinoceros Belokobylskij, 2000. Ent. Zeisch. Stugatt 110(9): 279
NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Cao Phong).
96. Streblocera (Eutanycerus) thayi Belokobylskij, 2000 (Figs 96 a-h)
Streblocera (Eutanycerus) thayi Belokobylskij, 2000. Ent. Zeisch. Stugatt 110(10): 293
NE. Vietnam: Vinh Phuc (Tam Dao NP).
Genus Stenothremma Show, 1984
Stenothremma Show, 1984. Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash., 86(4): 869
97. Stenothremma vieti Belokobylskij, 1993 (Figs 97 a-h)
Stenothremma vieti Belokobylskij, 1993. Russ. Entomol. J., 2(2): 63
NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Cao Phong).
Genus Syntretus Foerster, 1862
Syntretus Foerster, 1862. Verh. Naturh. ver. Preuss. Rheinl. 19: 251
Subgenus Parasyntretus Belokobylskij, 1993
Parasyntretus Belokobylskij, 1993. Russ. Ent. J., 2(2): 60
98. Syntretus (Parasyntretus) amoenus Belokobylskij , 1993 (Figs 98 a-g)
Syntretus amoenus Belokobylskij, 1993. Russ. Ent. J., 2(2): 60
S. Vietnam: Gia Lai (Buon Luoi).
Genus Tainiterma van Achterberg & Shaw, 2001
Tainiterma van Achterberg & Shaw, 2001. Zool. Med. Leiden: 70.
Key to species of the genus Tainiterma van Achterberg & Shaw from Vietnam
| 1a. |
Fourth tergite of middle tarsus rubust (Fig. 100k); telotarsi of fore and middle tari dark brown, darker than fourth tarsal segment; ovipositor sheath 0.8-0.9 times as long as fore wing and gradually tapering apical in ventral or dorsal view and without projecting satae subapically (Fig. 100p); third antennal segment about 1.1 times as long as fourth segment, and fourth segment about as wide as third segment; antennal segments of female 21-22; vein 1-CU1 of fore wing similar in colour to vein 1-M; eighth tergite of female and its membranous part more slender (Fig. 100o); medio-posterior depression of scutellum narrowly but distinctly crenulate |
Tainiterma pachutarsis van Achterberg & Shaw |
| b. |
Fourth tergite of middle tarsus comparatively slender (Fig. 99g); telotarsi of fore and middle tari brownish yellow, similar colour to fourth tarsal segment; ovipositor sheath 0.5 times as long as fore wing and hardly tapering apical in ventral or dorsal view, with projecting satae subapically (Figs 99e, f); third antennal segment about 1.3 times as long as fourth segment, and fourth segment somewhat wider than third segment; antennal segments of female about 25; vein 1-CU1 of fore wing distinctly darker than vein 1-M; eighth tergite of female and its membranous part more robust (Fig. 99b); medio-posterior depression of scutellum hardly crenulate |
Tainiterma maiphuquyi van Achterberg |
99. Tainiterma maiphuquyi van Achterberg, 2001 (Figs 99 a-f)
Tainiterma maiphuquyi van Achterberg, 2001. Zool. Med. Leiden 75(2001): 74.
NW. Vietnam: Lao Cai (Hoang Lien Son).
100. Tainiterma pachytarsis van Achterberg & Show, 2001 (Figs 100 a-p)
Tainiterma pachytarsis van Achterberg & Show, 2001. Zool. Med. Leiden 75(2001): 72.
NW. Vietnam: Lao Cai (Hoang Lien Son).
SUBFAMILY EXOTHECINAE FOERSTER, 1862
Diagnosis. Labrum concave; labial palp with 4 segments; eyes not distinctly emaginate; occipital carina complete medio-dorsally or usually present laterallyinner side of fore tibia without pegs; prepectal carina absent; propodeum usually with imcomplete carina basally. Small wasps, the subfamily contains koinobiont ectoparasitoids of maily larval Lepidoptera.
For the key to the genera of the subfamily Exothecinae, see Belokobylskij (1998).
Genus Acanthormius Ashmead, 1906
Acanthormius Ashmead, 1906. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 30: 200.
Key to species of the genus Acanthormius Ashmead from Vietnam
| 1a. |
Third tergite 1.3 times shorter than second tergite and 1.1-1.2 times as long as latero-apical horn; antenna light brown, yellowish apically; body light reddish brown; first and second tergites basally and third tergite entirely (except latero-posterior margin) black; wings pale; body length 2.2-2.5 mm |
Acanthormius flavoapicalis Belokobylskij |
| b. |
Third tergite 1.2 times shorter than second tergite and 3.0 times as long as latero-apical horn; antenna black, brown basally and 6 yellow segments it apical third; body dark reddish brown entirely, black dorsally; wings smoky; body length 1.9 mm |
Acanthormius nixoni Belokobylskij |
101. Acanthormius flavoapicalis Belokobylskij, 1990 (Figs 101 a-1)
Acanthormius flavoapicalis Belokobylskij, 1990. Proc. Zool. Inst. L. vol. 209, pt. 1: 135.
NW. Vietnam: Son La (Song Ma).
102. Acanthormius nixoni Belokobylskij, 1990 (Figs 102 a-e)
Acanthormius nixoni Belokobylskij, 1990. Proc. Zool. Inst. L. vol. 209, pt.l: 138.
NE. Vietnam: Thai Nguyen (Phu Luong).
Genus Aulosaphanes Belokobylskij, 2004
Aulosaphanes Belokobylskij, 2004. Proc. Russ. Ent. Soc. St. Pet., 75(1): 114.
103. Aulosaphanes suturalis (Belokobylskij, 1990) (Figs 103 a-k)
Oncophanes suturalis Belokobylskij, 1990. Proc. Zool. Inst. L., vol. 209, pt.1: 117.
NC. Vietnam: Thanh Hoa; s. Vietnam: Kon Tum, Gia Lai (Buon Luoi).
Genus Aulosaphoides Achterberg, 1997
Aulosaphoides Achterberg, 1997. Zool. Verh. Leiden, 198: 88.
Key to species of the genus Aulosaphoides Ashmead from Vietnam
| 1a. |
Head roundly narrowed behind; malar space 3.0 times shorter than width of tmasverse diameter of eye; first tergite 1.3 times shorter than its apical width; second tergite alomost quadrate; widest part of metasoma in the middle; suture on third tergite wide; antenna with 21-22 segments |
Aulosaphoides lampas Nixon |
| b. |
Head almost stright narrowed behind; malar space 2.0 times shorter than width of trnasverse diameter of eye; first tergite slightly shorter than its apical width; second tergite alomost transeverse; widest part of metasoma posteriorly; suture on third tergite narrow; antenna with 18 segments |
Aulosaphoides fallax Belokobylskij |
104. Aulosaphoides fallax (Belokobylskij, 1990) (Figs 104 a-e)
Aulosaphes fallax Belokobylskij, 1990. Proc. Zool. Inst. L. vol. 209, pt.1: 134.
NC. Vietnam: Thanh Hoa.
105. Aulosaphoides lampas (Nixon, 1950) (Figs 105 a-h)
Aulosaphes lampas Nixon, 1950. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., 12(3): 470.
NC. Vietnam: Thanh Hoa (Lang Chanh, Trieu Son); S. Vietnam: Kon Tum, Gia Lai (Buon Luoi).
Genus Cedria Wilkinson, 1934
Cedria Wilkinson, 1934. Stylops vol. 3, no. 4: 81.
Key to species of the genus Cedria Wilkinson from Vietnam
| la. |
Head smooth; in dorsal view width of head 2.0 times as long as its length; temple strongly narrowed posteriorly; temple 1.8-2.0 times shorter than transverse diameter of eye; ocipital carina weakly developed; pronotum weakly convex anteriorly; subdiscal cell close almost at level of vein m-cu; third tergite largely smooth with rugulose spots (Fig. 107b); body length 2.0-2.3 mm |
Cedria paradoxa Wilkinson |
| b. |
Head sparsely rugulose; eye and ocelli distinctly emaginated; in dorsal view width of head 1.4 times as long as its length; temple weakly and roundly narrowed; temple slightly shorter than transverse diameter of eye; ocipital carina distinctly developed; pronotum strongly convex anteriorly (Fig. 106f; subdiscal cell close far from before vein m-cu (Fig. 106d); third tergite longitudinally rugose; body length 2.6 mm |
Cedria galinae Belokobylskij |
106. Cedria galinae Belokobylskij, 1990 (Figs 106 a-f)
Cedria galinae Belokobylskij, 1990. Proc. Zool. Inst. L. vol. 209, pt.1: 131.
S. Vietnam: Kon Tum, Gia Lai (Buon Luoi).
107. Cedria paradoxa Wilkinson, 1934 (Figs 107 a-e)
Cedriaparadoxa Wilkinson, 1934. Stylops vol. 3, no., 4: 81.
NE. Vietnam: Thai Nguyen (Phu Luong).
Genus Colastes Haliday, 1833
Colastes Haliday, 1833. Ent. Mag., 1: 266.
Key to species of the genus Colastes Haliday from Vietnam
| 1a. |
Colar without pronope, if faint depression present then strongly sculpture (subgenus Colastes Haliday). |
2 |
| b. |
Colar with disctinct pronope (subgenus Shawiana van Achterberg) |
3 |
| 2a. |
Apical half of antenna dark brown; subocular sulcus absent (Fig. 108a); vein m-cu of hind wing absent (Fig. 108f); mesosoma and metasoma shiny without mate spots; length of first tergite 1.3 times as long as its apical width (Fig. 108g); length of body 2.8-3.2 mm |
Colastes (Colastes) anervis Belokobylskij |
| b. |
Apical half of antenna whitish yellow; subocular sulcus present (Fig. 109a); vein m-cu of hind wing present (Fig. 109e); mesopleuron, metapleuron and first-third tergites largely mate; length of first tergite 1.6-1,8 times as long as its apical width (Fig. 109f); length of body 2.4-2.8 mm |
Colastes (Colastes) opacus Belokobylskij |
| 3a. |
Ovipositor sheath 2.3-2.5 times as long as first tergite and 1.4-1.5 times shorter than metasoma; precoxal sulcus more or less developed; submarginal cell long and large (Fig. 112g); mesosoma prognate, 2.2-2.3 times as long as its height (Fig. 112d); length of body 3.0-4.2 mm |
Colastes (Shawiana) tamdaoensis Belokobylskij |
| b. |
Ovipositor sheath subequal to first tergite or 1.2 times as long as first tergite; recoxal sulcus absent; submarginal cell rather short (Figs 111e); mesosoma normal, 1.7-1.8 times as long as its height; length of body 2.5-3.0 mm |
4 |
| 4a. |
Apical third of antenna without withish yellow segments; middle lobe of mesoscutum glabrous, except along notauli; propodeum smooth; first tergite slightly longer than its apical width; length of body 3.0 mm |
Colastes (Shawiana) cognatus Belokobylskij |
| b. |
Apical third of antenna yellow segments; middle lobe of mesoscutum setose; propodeum largely rugose-granulate; first tergite 1.2-1.5 times as long as its apical width; length of body 2.5-3.2 mm |
Colastes (Shawiana) longitergum Belokobylskij |
108. Colastes (Colastes) anervis Belokobylskij, 1992 (Figs 108 a-g)
Colastes (Colastes) anervis Belokobylskij, 1992. Proc. Zool. Inst. L. vol. 245: 143.
NE. Vietnam: Vinh Phuc; NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh.
109. Colastes (Shawiana) cognatus Belokobylskij, 1992 (Figs 109 a-f)
Colastes (Shawiana) cognatus Belokobylskij, 1992. Proc. Zool. Inst. L. vol. 245: 161.
NE. Vietnam: Vinh Phuc (Tam Dao NP).
110. Colastes (Shawiana) longitergum Belokobylskij, 1988 (Figs 110 a-d)
Colastes (Shawiana) longitergum Belokobylskij, 1988. Proc. Zool. Inst. L. vol. 175: 10.
NE. Vietnam: Ha Noi, Vinh Phuc (Tam Dao NP); NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Da Bac).
111. Colastes (Colastes) opacus Belokobylskij, 1992 (Figs 111 a-f)
Colastes (Colastes) opacus Belokobylskij, 1992. Proc. Zool. Inst. L. vol. 245: 146.
NE. Vietnam: Ha Noi, Vinh Phuc (Tam Dao NP).
112. Colastes (Shawiana) tamdaoensis Belokobylskij, 1992 (Figs 112 a-g)
Colastes (Shawiana) tamdaoensis Belokobylskij, 1992. Proc. Zool. Inst. L. vol. 245:154.
NE. Vietnam: Vinh Phuc (Tam Dao NP).
Genus Colastinus Belokobylskij, 1984
Colastinus Belokobylskij, 1984. Zool. Journal, vol. 63, n. 7: 1020.
113. Colastin US tayi Belokobylskij, 1992 (Figs 113 a-i)
Colastinus tayi Belokobylskij, 1992. Proc. Zool. Inst. L. vol. 245: 133.
NE. Vietnam: Vinh Phuc (Tam Dao NP).
Genus Hormius Nees, 1818
Hormius Nees, 1818. Nova Acta Acad. nat. Curios, 9: 305.
Key to species of the genus Hormius Nees from Vietnam
| 1a. |
Medial lobe of mesoscutum with complete medial furrow from antetior margin of prescutellar depression; antennae filiform; propodeum with long and narrow areola; medial carina short; first tergite slender and short, its apical width distinctly less than posterior width of propodeum, almost equal to or slightly less than length of first tergite or length of propodeum; ovipositor sheath shortly and densely setose; body length 2.5 mm |
Hormius orientalis tulyensis Belokobylskij |
| b. |
Medial lobe of mesoscutum without complete medial furrow or if medial furrow present then only in distal third or half; other characters variable |
2 |
| 2a. |
Mesoscutum medio-distally, subalar depression and precoxal sulcus rugulose; first tergite short and wide, its apical width nearly equal to or greater than its length, coarsely rugulose; occipital carina not curved medio-dorsally |
3 |
| b. |
Mesoscutum, subalar depression and precoxal sulcus smooth; first tergite long and narrow, its apical width distinctly less than its length, usually smooth or finely sculptured; occipital carina usually curved medio-dorsally |
5 |
| 3a. |
Antennal segments slender and long, third antennal segment 3.7-4.5 times as long as its apical width; ovipositor sheath very slender, compressed and long, 1.5-1.8 times first metasomal segment; pterostigma completely pale yellow; body length 1.8-2.2 mm |
Hormius decembris Belokobylskij |
| b. |
Antennal segments thicker and short, third antennal segment 3.0-3.0 times as long as its apical width; ovipositor sheath rather thick, not compressed and short, almost as long as first metasomal segment or slightly longer; pterostigma yellow, distinctly darker distally or margimal |
4 |
| 4a. |
Head in dorsal view less transverse, its width 1.5-1.6 times its medial length; temple weakly and roundly narrowed behind eye; penultimate sement of antenna nearly 3 times as long as wide; mesosoma long, its length 1.8-1.9 its height; body length 2.0-3.0 mm |
Hormius moniliatus Nees |
| b. |
Head in dorsal view distinctly transverse, its width 1.8 times its medial length; temple distinctly and almost straight narrowed behind eye; penultimate sement of antenna 2.2-2.3 times as long as wide; mesosoma short, its length 1.5-1.6 its height; body length 2.2-2.6 mm |
Hormius amus Papp |
| 5a. |
Vein CU1a of fore wing not interstitial, arising from anterior quater or half of distal margin of subdiscal cell (Figs 112i, 113a, 114g) |
6 |
| b. |
Vein CU1a of fore wing distinctly interstitial (Figs 115f, 117g)) |
8 |
| 6a. |
Vein CU1a of fore wing arising from half of distal margin of subdiscal cell (Fig. 114e); subocular suture absent (Fig. 114d); scapus long, 1.4-1.5 times longer than pedicellus (Fig. 114c); medial carina of propodeum very short, areola almost connected with anterior margin of propodeum (Fig. 114a); first metasomal segment wide, its length almost equal to its apical width (Fig. 114b); metasoma dark reddish brown; body length 1.4-1.8 mm |
Hormius abnormis Belokobylskij |
| b. |
Vein CU1 a of fore wing arising from anterior third or quater of distal margin of subdiscal cell (Figs 123a, 124i); subocular suture present (Fig. 124a); scapus short, almost equal to pedicellus (Fig. 124c); medial carina of propodeum long, areola not connected with anterior margin of propodeum (Fig.124j); first metasomal segment narrow, its length 1.4-1.6 times greater than its apical width; metasoma yellowish brown almost completely; apical segment of antenna dark brown |
7 |
| 7a. |
First metasomal tergite almost copletely smooth, finely striate medio-distally; cheek longer, 5.5-6.5 times less than eye height and 1.7-2.0 times less than basal width of mandible; occipital carina curved medio-dorsally only; body length 2.0-2.3 mm |
Hormius pallidus deviatus Belokobylskij |
| b. |
First metasomal tergite almost copletely rugose-striate; cheek shorter, 10.0 times less than eye height and 3.0 times less than basal width of mandible (Fig. 124b); occipital carina curved dorsally (Fig. 124a); body length 2.0 mm |
Hormius paraphrasis Belokobylskij |
| 8a. |
First metasomal tergite almost completely smooth, finely striate medio-distally; temple almost straight narowed behind eye; subdiscal cell closed usually not far before recurrent vein; first tergite of female narrow apically, its length 1.5-1.7 times greater than apical width; fore wing distinctly infuscate along veins; nervulus postfurcal; body length 1.5- 2.6 mm |
Hormius pallidus Belokobylskij |
| b. |
First metasomal tergite (almost) completely rugulose; other cjsracters variable |
9 |
| 9a. |
First metasomal tergite in distal half with distinct elongate medial area marginated by carinae (Fig.117d); antennal segments very thin, third antennal segment 6-7 times as long as its maximum width (Fig.117c); subdiscal cell closed distinctly before recurrent vein (Fig. 117g); body length 1.8-2.6 mm |
Hormius ikarus Belokobylskij |
| b. |
First metasomal tergite without such medial area in distal half; antennal segments thick, third antennal segment 3.5-4.5 times as long as its maximum width; subdiscal cell closed on or slightly before recurrent vein |
10 |
| 10. |
Ptetosptigma completely yellow; medial carina of propodeum longwer than propodeal half, areola short and almost round (Fig.120g); body almost completely yellowish brown; first metasomal segment weakly widened distally; body length 2.1 mm |
Hormius notus Belokobylskij |
| b. |
Ptetosptigma yellow; dark in distal third or marginally; medial carina of propodeum distinctly shorter than propodeal half, areola long and pentagonal (Fig. 119i); body dark brown or ligjt reddish brown; first metasomal segment distinctly widened distally |
11 |
| 11a. |
Subdiscal cell closed on recurrent vein (Fig.119g); metapleura almost completely smooth; propodeal carinae high; pterostigma usually dark marginally; body completely black or dark reddish brown; antenna dark reddish brown completely; body length 2.5-3.0 mm |
Hormius montanus Belokobylskij |
| b. |
Subdiscal cell closed anterior recurrent vein (Fig. 124*a); metapleura rugulose almost completely smooth; propodeal carinae fine; pterostigma usually dark in distal third; body yellow or lght reddish brown; antenna yellow in basal half, then darker; body length 2.1- 2.5 mm |
Hormius vitabilis Papp |
114. Hormius abnormis Belokobylskij, 1995 (Figs 114 a-k)
Hormius abnormis Belokobylskij, 1995. Entomofauna vol. 6, no. 8: 197.
NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Cao Phong, Da Bac, Mai Chau).
114*. Hormiusamus Papp, 1990
Hormius amus Papp, 1990. Annals His.-Nat. Mus. Nat. Hungarici, 82:175-190.
NE. Vietnam: Ha Noi; NW. Vietnam: Son La.
115. Hormius appositus Belokobylskij, 1995 (Figs 115 a-k)
Hormius appositus Belokobylskij, 1995. Entomofauna vol. 6, no. 8: 191.
NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Cao Phong).
116. Hormius decembris Belokobylskij, 1990 (Figs 116 a-f)
Hormius decembris Belokobylskij, 1990. Proc. Zoo. Inst. Leningrad, 209 (1): 121.
S. Vietnam: Kon Tum, Gia Lai.
117. Hormius ikarus Belokobylskij, 1995 (Figs 117 a-k)
Hormius ikarus Belokobylskij, 1995. Entomofauna vol. 6, no. 8: 194.
NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Cao Phong).
118. Hormius moniliatus (Nees, 1812) (Figs 118 a-m)
Bracon moniliatus Nees von Esenbeck, 1812. Nova Acta Acad. nat. Curios, 9: 305.
NW. Vietnam: Son La (Song Ma).
119. Hormius montanus Belokobylskij, 1995 (Figs 119 a-k)
Hormius montanus Belokobylskij, 1995. Entomofauna vol. 6, no. 8: 195.
NE. Vietnam: Vinh Phu (Tam Dao NP).
120. Hormius notus Belokobylskij, 1995 (Figs 120 a-k)
Hormius notus Belokobylskij, 1995. Entomofauna vol. 6, no. 8: 192.
NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Cao Phong).
121. Hormius orientalis tulyensis Belokobylskij, 1995 (Fig. 121)
Hormius orientalis tulyensis Belokobylskij, 1995. Entomofauna vol. 6, no. 8: 202.
NW. Vietnam: Sơn La.
122. Hormiuspallidus Belokobylskij, 1990 (Figs 122 a-f)
Hormiuspallidus Belokobylskij, 1990. Proc. Zoo. Inst. Leningrad, 209 (1): 119.
S. Vietnam: Kon Tum, Gia Lai (Buon Luoi).
123. Hormius pallidus deviutus Belokobylskij, 1995 (Figs 123 a-b)
Hormiuspallidas deviatus Belokobylskij, 1995. Entomofauna vol. 6, no. 8: 201.
Vietnam: Hoa Binh, Vinh Phuc.
124. Hormius paraphrasis Belokobylskij, 1995 (Figs 124 a-k)
Hormius paraphrasis Belokobylskij, 1995. Entomofauna, vol. 6, no. 8: 199.
NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Mai Chau).
124*. Hormius vitabilis Papp, 1990 (Figs 124* a-b)
Hormius vitabilis Papp, 1990. Annales His. Naturales Mus. Nat. Hung., 82:175-190.
NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Cao Phong).
Genus Parahormius Nixon, 1940
Parahormius Nixon, 1940. Annals Mag. Natural Hist. Ser. 11, vol. 5: 473.
Key to species of the genus Parahormius Nixon from Vietnam
| 1a. |
Submarginal cell of fore wing long, its length 3.0-3.3 times as long as wide; subdiscal cell closed before level of vein m-cu; vein cu-a distinctly postfurcal; setae on outer side of hind tibia 1.5 times as long as maximum width of hind tibia; ovipositor sheath subequal to first tergite; body dark reddish brown with scattered black spots; body length 1.6-1.9 mm |
Parahormius nitidus Belokobylskij |
| b. |
Submarginal cell of fore wing short, its length 2.3-2.5 times as long as wide; subdiscal cell closed at level of vein m-cu; vein cu-a interstitial or slightly posfurcal; setae on outer side of hind tibia not longer than maximum width of hind tibia; ovipositor sheath 1.4-2.3 times as long as first tergite; body light brown |
2 |
| 2a. |
Temple 1.6-1.8 times shorter than transvers diameter of eye; malar space 2.0 times as long as width of mandible; first tergite with spiracle at distinct convex margin, from where tergite is strong narrowed behind; metasoma dark brown laterally ventrally |
Parahormius vietnamicus Belokobylskij |
| b. |
Temple 2.0-2.2 times shorter than transvers diameter of eye; malar space subequal to width of mandible; first tergite with spiracle at weak convex margin, from where tergite is not narrowed behind; metasoma yellowish brown laterally and light brown ventrally |
3 |
| 3a. |
Antenna more or less thin; third antennal segment 4.0 times as long as its apical width; mesosoma shorter, 1.5 as long as its height; hind femur 3.7-3.9 times as long as its maximum width; first tergite subequal to its apical width; body length 1.8-1.9 mm |
Parahormius unicolor Belokobylskij |
| b. |
Antenna thicker; third antennal segment 3.3 times as long as its apical width; mesosoma longer, 1.7 as long as its height; hind femur 4.4 times as long as its maximum width; first tergite 1.4 times as long as its apical width; body length 1.8 mm |
Parahormius falsus Belokobylskij |
125. Parahormius falsus Belokobylskij, 1990 (Figs 125 a-f)
Parahormius falsus Belokobylskij, 1990. Proc. Zool. Inst. L. vol. 209, pt. 1: 125.
S. Vietnam: Kon Tum (Song Ba), Gia Lai.
126. Parahormius nitidus Belokobylskij, 1988 (Figs 126 a-c)
Parahormius nitidus Belokobylskij, 1988. Proc. Zool. Inst. L., vol. 175: 27.
NE. Vietnam: Thai Nguyen; NW. Vietnam: Sơn La; NC. Vietnam: Thanh Hoa.
127. Parahormius unicolor Belokobylskij, 1990 (Figs 127 a-f)
Parahormius unicolor Belokobylskij, 1990. Proc. Zool. Inst. St. p., vol. 209, pt. 1: 123.
NW. Vietnam: Sơn La (Song Ma); S. Vietnam: Kon Tum (Song Ba), Gia Lai.
128. Parahormius vietnamicus Belokobylskij, 1990 (Figs 128 a-f)
Parahormius vietnamicus Belokobylskij, 1990. Proc. Zool. Inst. St. p., vol. 209, pt. 1:126.
NE. Vietnam: Thai Nguyen (Phu Luong).
Genus Pentatermus Hedqvist, 1963
Pentatermus Hedqvist, 1963. Entomologisk Tidskrift, 84: 40.
129. Pentatermus striatus (Szépligeti, 1908) (Figs 129 a-e)
Chremylus striatus Szépligeti, 1908. Notes from the Leyden Museum. 29:209-260.
NE. Vietnam: Thai Nguyen (Phu Luong), Ha Noi (Tu Liem); NC. Vietnam: Thanh Hoa.
Subgenus Phaenodus Foerster, 1862
Phaenodus Foerster, 1862. Verh. naturh. Ver. preuss. Rheinl., 19: 241.
130. Pambolus (Phaenodus) caudalis Belokobylskij, 1988 (Figs 130 a-g)
Pambolus (Phaenodus) caudalis Belokobylskij, 1988. Proc. Zool. Inst. L., vol. 175: 19.
NE. Vietnam: Vinh Phuc, Ha Noi; NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh.
131. Pambolus (Phaenodus) ruficeps Belokobylskij, 1988 (Figs 131 a-d)
Pambolus (Phaenodus) ruflceps Belokobylskij, 1988. Proc. Zool. Inst. L., vol. 175: 16.
NE. Vietnam: Vinh Phuc, Ha Noi; NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh; s. Vietnam: Gia Lai.
132. Pambolus (Phaenodus) unicolor (Belokobylskij, 1992) (Figs 132 a-h)
Pambolus (Phaenodus) unicolor Belokobylskij, 1992. Proc. Zool. Inst. St. p., vol. 245:165.
NE. Vietnam: Vinh Phuc (Tam Dao NP).
Genus Platyrmus Belokobylskij, 1992
Platyrmus Belokobylskij, 1992. Proc. Zool. Inst. St. p., vol. 245: 169.
133. Platyrmus maichaui Belokobylskij, 1992 (Figs 133 a-n)
Platyrmus maichaui Belokobylskij, 1992. Proc. Zool. Inst. St. p., vol. 245: 170.
NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh.
Genus Pseudohormius Tobias & Alexeev, 1973
Pseudohormius Tobias & Alexeev, 1973. Zool. J., vol. 52, no. 2: 287.
134. Pseudohormius epaphus (Nixon, 1940) (Figs 134 a-e)
Parahormius epaphus Nixon, 1940. Ann. a. Mag. Natur. Hist. Ser.l 1, vol. 5: 489.
NW. Vietnam: Sơn La.
Genus Rhysipolis Foerster, 1862
Rhysipolis Foerster, 1862. Verh. naturh. Ver. preuss. Rheinl., 19: 235.
Key to species of the genus Rhysipolis Foerster from Vietnam
| la. |
Scutum glabrous except along notauli; head almost cubic, its width 1.3 times as long as median length (Figs 136a, b); temple strongly narrowed; ocelli small (Fig. 136a); hind femur 6.5-7.0 times its maximum width; ovipositor sheath subequal to first tergite; body length 3.7-4.0 mm |
Rhysipolis taiwanicus Belokobylskij |
| b. |
Scutum with dense light setae; head more or less transeverse, it width 1.6-1.8 times as long as median length; ocelli large (Fig. 135c); hind femur 4.0-5.5 times its maximum width |
2 |
| 2a. |
Temple 2.0 times shorter than transverse diameter of eye; temple roundly narrowed behind; pronotum slightly convex anteriorly; ovipositor 2.0-2.5 times shorter than metasoma; propodeum of male with median areola and longitudinal carina; propodeum smooth basally, irregularity rugose medially and posteriorly; body length 2.2-3.2 mm |
Rhysipolis meditator (Haliday) |
| b. |
Tample almost 3.0 times shorter than transverse diameter of eye; temple straigh narrowed behind; pronotum strongly convex anteriorly; ovipositor sheath 3.5-4.0 times shorter metsoma; propodeum of male withot median areola and longitudinal carina; propodeum densely granulate |
Rhysipolis parnarae Belokobylskij & Vu |
134*. Rhysipolis meditator (Haliday, 1836) (Figs 134* a-c)
Rogas (Colastes) meditator Haliday, 1862. Verh. naturh. Ver. preuss. Rheinl., 19: 235.
NE. Vietnam: Ha Noi.
135. Rhysipottsparnarae Belokobylskij & Vu, 1988 (Figs 135 a-h)
Rhysipolispamarae Belokobylskij & Con, 1988. Trudy Zool. Inst. AN SSSRvol. 178:162.
Biology:
Pamara spp. (Hesperiidae). Larval parasitoid of rice straight swift.
NE. Vietnam: Ha Noi.
136. Rhysipolis taiwanicus Belokobylskij, 1988 (Figs 136 a-d)
Rhysipolis taiwanicus Belokobylskij, 1988. Trudy Zool. Inst. L. vol. 175: 11.
NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Cao Phong).
Genus Tamdaona Belokobylskij, 1992
Tamdaona Belokobylskij, 1992. Proc. Zool. Inst., vol. 245: 126.
137. Tamdaona janus Belokobylskij, 1992 (Figs 137 a-k)
Tamdaona janus Belokobylskij, 1992. Trudy Zool. Inst. AN SSSR vol. 245: 129.
NE. Vietnam: Vinh Phuc (Tam Dao NP).
Genus Tebennotoma Enderlein, 1912
Tebennotoma Enderlein, 1912. Archiv. Naturgesch. 78 A(2): 36.
137*. Tebennotoma (Eorhyssalus) aciculatus (Belokobylskij, 1989) (Figs 137* a-b)
Tebennotoma (Eorhyssalus) aciculatus (Belokobylskij, 1989). Zool. Zhumal. 68(10):145-148.
S. Vietnam: Gia Lai.
138. Tebennotoma (Eorhyssalus) elongata Belokobylskij, 2000 (Figs 138 a-i)
Tebennotoma (Eorhyssalus) elongata Belokobylskij, 2000. Entomol. Obozr. 79(1): 191.
NE. Vietnam: Vinh Phuc (Tam Dao NP); NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Mai Chau).
139. Tebennotoma (Eorhyssalus) genalis Belokobylskij, 2000 (Figs 139 a-i)
Tebennotoma (Eorhyssalus) genalis Belokobylskij, 2000. Entomol. Obozr. 79(1): 193.
NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh.
Key to species of the genus Tebennotoma Enderlein from Vietnam
| la. |
Fore wing with marginal cell open apically, vein SR1 weakly sclerotized; mesoscutum evenly granulate; vertex more or less finely granulate; third tergite rugose; fore wing with vein m-cu shorter than 2-SR+M; vein cu-a 1.5-2.0 times as long as vein 1-CU1; body light reddish brown; body length 2.8-3.3 mm |
Tebennotoma (Eorhyssalus) acciculata Belokobylskij |
| b. |
Fore wing with marginal cell close apically, vein SR1 completely sclerotized; mesoscutum and vertex smooth; more or less finely granulate; third tergite rugose |
2 |
| 2a. |
Width of face subequal to length of face and clypeus combined; malar space short, its length 1.5-2.0 times shorter than width of mandible; hypoclypeal depression 1.7-2.5 times as long as malar space; mandible long; in dorsal view, head transverse, its width 1.5-1.7 times as long as median length; temple 1.3-1.4 times shorter than transverse diameter of eye; malar suture fine; antenna without lighter segments apically; vein cu-a of fore wing 1.8 times as long as vein 1- CU1; body length 3.1-3.7 mm |
Tebennotoma (Eorhyssalus) elongata Belokobylskij |
| b. |
Width of face 1.8-2.3 times length of face and clypeus combined; malar space long, its length 1.7 times as long as width of mandible; hypoclypeal depression subequal or 1.2 times shorter than malar space; mandible short; in dorsal view, temple slightly shorter than transverse diameter of eye; vein m-cu of fore wing twice as long as 2-SR+M; body length 2.6 mm |
Tebennotoma (Eorhyssalus) genalis Belokobylskij |
Genus Vietcolastes Belokobylskij, 1992
Vietcolastes Belokobylskij, 1992. Proc. Zool. Inst. vol. 245: 136.
140. Vietcolastes rhaconotus Belokobylskij, 1992 (Figs 140 a-n)
Vietcolastes rhaconotus Belokobylskij, 1992. Proc. Zool. Inst. vol. 245: 137.
NE. Vietnam: Vinh Phuc; NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh.
SUBFAMILY MICROGASTRINAE FOERSTER, 1862
Diagnosis. Antennae with 18 segments; maxillary palp with 5 segments; hypoclypeal depression absent; occipital carina completely absent; fore wing with vein SR1 completely unsclerotized; vein r-m absent, if with vein then vein 3-SR shorter than vein r. Very large worldwide subfamily mainly containing endoparasitoids of larval Lepidoptera, except one microgastrine species, Apanteles (Choeras) gielisi van Achterberg, reported being a parasitoid of Trichopteran larvae (van Achterberg, 2002). For the key to the genera of the subfamily Microgastrinae, see Nixon (1965), Mason (1981), and Austin & Dangerfield (1992).
Genus Apanteles Foerster, 1862
Apanteles Foerster, 1862. Verh. naturh. ver. preuss. Rheinh. 19: 245.
Key to Vietnamese species of the genus Apanteles Foerster from Vietnam
| 1a. |
Body yellow-fulvous or at least first tergite yellow-fulvous |
2 |
| b. |
Body black entirely |
5 |
| 2a. |
Vanal lobe with its adge beyond widest part more or less straight and fingled throughout, first tergite narrowed apically, body yellow entirely |
Apanteles bakeri Wilkinson |
| b. |
Vanal lobe of hind wing convex and fingled throughout, first tergite often widened apically, metasoma or first tergite yellow-fulvous |
3 |
| 3a. |
First tergite yellow-fulvous or redish yellow, propodeum with faint areola without crenulae, ovipositor sheath little longer than hind tibia |
Apanteles fakhrulhajiae Mahdihassan |
| b. |
Metasoma yellow entirely, propodeum with areola developed and crenulate, ovipositor sheath shorter than hind tibia |
4 |
| 4a. |
Second metasomal suture wide with carinae (Fig. 144c), propodeum with areola close anteriorly (Fig. 144d) |
Apanteles allofulvigaster Long |
| b. |
Second metasomal surure faint without carinae (Fig. 190b), propodeum with areola open anteriorly (Fig. 190a) |
Apanteles numenes Nixon |
| 5a. |
Vanal lobe of hind wing concave, first tergite often narrowed apically or rarely paralle- sided or widened apically (Ater-, Merula-and Grandiculus-groups Nixon, 1965) |
6 |
| b. |
Vanal lobe of hind wing convex, first tergite often widened apically or paralle-sided (Ultor-group Nixon, 1965) |
55 |
| 6a. |
Propodeum with and areola and atmost always with costulae that define on each side a posterior-lateral area, if the costulae are absent and the areola is weakly defined then the propodeum tends to be dull and sculptyred all over and/or the vanal lobe beyond its widest part is concave without trace of a haft-fringe here |
10 |
| b. |
Propodeum rarely with trace of an areola and never with costulae, if there is a faint indication of an areola then the adge of the vanal lobe beyond its widest part is not concave, though it may be virtually straight here and shows the merest trace of a fringe |
7 |
| 7a. |
Vein cu-a of hind wing short and vertical (Fig. 170b), first tergite strongly and abruptly narrowed behind (Fig. 170d, 209c); head in frontal view more or less circular; inner spur of the hind tibia at least half as long as the hind basitarsus (Merula-group) |
8 |
| b. |
Vein cu-a of hind wing long and oblique (Fig. 171a), first tergite gradually narrowed behind, head in frontal view more or less transverse; inner spur of the hind tibia does not quite reach the middle of the hind |
9 |
| 8a. |
First tergite distinctly narrowed apically (Fig. 170d), ocelli rather large and in high triangle, tangent of anterior margin of posterior ocelli not touching posterior margin of anterior ocellus (Fig.170f), hypopygium not developed (Fig. 170e) |
Apanteles gialamensis Long |
| b. |
First tergite slightly narrowed apically (Fig. 209c), ocelli small and in low triangle, tangent of anterior margin of posterior ocelli cuting posterior anterior ocellus (Fig. 209d), hypopygium strongly developed (Fig. 209a) |
Apanteles subcamilia Long |
| 9a. |
Fore wing with faint pterostigma, vein r longer than 2-SR, veins r and 2-SR not angled, field of second tergite distinctly tranverse (Fig. 171c) |
Apanteles grandiculus Wilkinson |
| b. |
Fore wing with brown pterostigma, vein r shorter than 2-SR, veins r and 2-SR distinctly angled, field of second tergite not tranverse |
Apanteles orsedice Nixon |
| 10a. |
Disc of scutellum strongly narrowed behind and in profile with a short, truncate or subtruncate posterior face (Fig. 192a), usually with at least a trace of vaguely defined pits or punctures and often with much rugosity, propodeum usually with complete areolation, metacarp at least four times as long as distance from the apex of the marginal cell, first tergite rather long, basal field of second tergite at least twice as wide as long |
11 |
| b. |
Disc of scutellum answers to above description then either propodeum shows incomplete areolation or stigma pallid (pellucid) or first tergite wedge-shaped |
25 |
| 11a. |
Eye markedly convergent below (Fig. 183c) |
12 |
| b. |
Eye not noticely convergent below |
19 |
| 12a. |
Hind coxa in greater part pale yellow, ovipositor sheath 1.25 times as long as hind tibia, basal median of second tergite very acute angled laterally at about 30 degrees and itself between four and five times as wide as long (Fig. 183b), metacarp very long and almost closing apex of marginal cell |
Apanteles lyridice Nixon |
| b. |
Hind coxa virtually blackish throughout, ovipositor sheath not so long, basal median of second tergite much less acutely angled laterally (Fig. 173b), metacarp not so long if closing apex of marginal cell then basal median of second tergite less transverse |
13 |
| 13a. |
Ovipositor sheath at most as long as hind tibia or shorter |
14 |
| b. |
Ovipositor sheath longer hind tibia |
18 |
| 14a. |
Mesoscutum and disc of scutellum having a dull appearance owing to coarse, more or less even rugosity and without shiny striatuon at the posterior end of the notaulic courses, hind coxa dull, rugulose, hind femur infuscate |
15 |
| b. |
Mesoscutum and disc of scutellum having shiny appearance in spite of heavy sculpture and with shiny striate-punctation at the posterior end of the notaulic courses, hind coxa very shiny entirely |
16 |
| 15a. |
Metacarp about 4.0 times as long as its distance form the apex of marginal cell, antenna thin and hardly as long as body with penultimate segment about 1.5 times its width, hind coxa dull, finely and densely rugose |
Apanteles hemara Nixon |
| b. |
Metacarp atmost closing apex of marginal cell (at least 7.0 times as long as its distance form the apex of marginal cell), antenna thick and as long as body with penultimate segment about 1.25 times its width, hind coxa not as description above |
Apanteles sosis Nixon |
| 16a. |
First tergite not or hardly narrowed behind, its horizontal part having a quadrate appearance and very slightly wider than long (11:10), ovipositor strongly downcurved throughout its entir length |
Apanteles cypris Nixon |
| b. |
First tergite markedly narrowed behind, its horizontal part considerably longer than wide, basal field of second tergite sharply angled laterally at about 30 degrees |
17 |
| 17a. |
Vertex between the posterior ocellus and the eye-margin shining and virtually unsculptured, temples with only a trace of sculpture, second-third tergites usually darkened, hind wing narrower |
Apanteles opacus Ashmead |
| b. |
Vertex between the posterior ocellus and the eye-margin duller and distinctly rugose, temples with considerable rugosity, second-third tergites including basal field of second tergite yellow or redish yellow, hind wing broader |
Apanteles mamitus Nixon |
| 18a. |
Second and third tergites yellow apart from daker basal field of second tergite, ocelli in a high triangle, POL less than 2.0 times OD, 1/4 basal part of hind femur bright yellow, pterostigma dark brown entirely |
Apanteles niceppe Nixon |
| b. |
Second and third tergites infuscate entirely, ocelli in a low triangle, POL more than 2.0 times OD, hind femur infuscate right to base, pterostigma with pale basal spot |
Apanteles significans Walker |
| 19a. |
Hind femur entirely bright redish yellow, hairs of ovipositor sheath short, not upstanding |
20 |
| b. |
Hind femur infucate or brown at least on apical half, hairs of ovipositor sheath variable |
22 |
| 20a. |
Hind tarsus infuscate, except basitarsus sharply pale at base, fourth hind tarsal segment hardly shorter fifth ventrally, ovipositor sheath about as long as hind tibia |
Apanteles diocles Nixon |
| b. |
Hind tarsus yellowish, except infuscate apically, fourth hind tarsal segment distinctly shorter fifth ventrally, ovipositor sheath longer or shorter hind tibia |
21 |
| 21a. |
First tergite markedly narrowed apically, ovipositor sheath 1.25 times as long as hind tibia, sculpture of mesopleuron consisting of coarse rugosity, frons and vertex with much coarse sculpture |
Apanteles dores Nixon |
| b. |
First tergite virtually not narrowed apically, ovipositor sheath hardly longer hind tibia, sculpture of mesopleuron becoming simple punctation posteriorly, at least area between posterior ocellus and eye margin almost smooth |
Apanteles salutifer Wilkinson |
| 22a. |
Ovipositor sheath not or hardly longer than hind tibia |
23 |
| b. |
Ovipositor sheath distinctly longer than hind tibia |
24 |
| 23a. |
Length of body 3.0 mm; wings clear hyaline, hind wing markedly broad (Fig. 198) |
Apanteles syleptae Ferriere |
| b. |
Length of body 2.0 mm; wings faintly brownish, hind wing distinctly narrow |
Apanteles coedicius Nixon |
| 24a. |
Hind tibia yellow on basal half in sharp contrast with infuscate apical part, hind trochanter yellow, disc of scutellum polished and with hardly a trace of punctation |
Apanteles mycerinus Nixon |
| b. |
Hind tibia pale only at extreme base that not in sharp contrast with apical part, hind trochanter dark, disc of scutellum weakly punctate towards sides |
Apanteles isander Nixon |
| 25a. |
First tergite elongate, gradually narrowed from base to apex, hence wedge-sharped (Fig. 163), claws strongly developed and curved |
Apanteles dissimile Nixon |
| b. |
First tergite rarely as long as description above then claws smaller and less developed |
26 |
| 26a. |
Basal median field of second tergite at most twice as wide as long, pterostigma entirely dark |
27 |
| b. |
Basal median field of second tergite always transverse, if not then pterostigma pelucid |
28 |
| 27a. |
Hind coxa yellow, basal median field of second tergite strongly coarsely rugose, disc od scutellum with a few, large and ill defined pits or punctures, first tergite hardly narrowed apically |
Apanteles hymeniae Wilkinson |
| b. |
Hind coxa blackish, basal median field of second tergite faintly dull with scattered obsolescent punctures, disc of scutellum confusedly punctate, first tergite strongly narrowed apically |
Apanteles medon Nixon |
| 28a. |
Ovipositor sheath not or hardly longer than hind basitarsus |
29 |
| b. |
Ovipositor sheath not or hardly longer than hind basitarsus |
31 |
| 29a. |
Tergite abruply narrowed from where it turns over to apex, basal field of second tergite very sharply angled laterally at less than 45 degrees (fig. 173a), areolation of propodeum reduced, first tergite almost smooth and highly polished |
Apanteles javensis Rohwer |
| b. |
Tergite slightly narrowed posteriorly, if strongly narrowed the areolation of propodeum complete, first tergite more or less sculptured |
30 |
| 30a. |
Fourth hind tarsal segment distinctly shorter than fifth measured ventrally, metacarp rather short, about 3.0 times as long as its distance from apex of marginal cell, hind wing broad |
Apanteles demades Nixon |
| b. |
Fourth hind tarsal segment hardly shorter than fifth measured ventrally, metacarp fully 6.0 times as long as its distance from apex of marginal cell, hind wing narrower |
Apanteles crates Nixon |
| 31a. |
Stigma pallid with a darker border. |
32 |
| b. |
Stigma usually brown or at most with pale basal spot |
40 |
| 32a. |
Propodeum without costulae |
33 |
| b. |
Propodeum with distinct costulae or at least a distinct keel enclosing propodeal spiracle behind |
35 |
| 33a. |
Vertex near behind ocelli with a wide, shallow furrow, this area is faintly dull by reason of microscopic, transverse aciculation and extends longitudinally halfway down the occiput, first tergite not narrowed apically |
Apanteles phycodis Viereck |
| b. |
Vertex near behind ocelli without such a furrow, other characters not like description above |
34 |
| 34a. |
Ovipositor sheath about 1.5 times longer than hind tibia, scutellum highly polished, first tergite markedly |
Apanteles angaleti Muesebeck |
| b. |
Ovipositor sheath not longer than hind tibia, scutellum dull, first tergite not narrowed apically |
Apanteles machaeralis Wilkinson |
| 35a. |
Temple shiny, almost smooth |
36 |
| b. |
Temple usually dull and rugose |
37 |
| 36a. |
Hind tibia and tarsus usually brownish, spines on outer side of hind tibia virtually not differentiated into two types and all of them sparse, hind spurs rather short, inner spur hardly longer than outer one, ovipositor sheath fully as long as hind tibia (Fig. 193b), vanal lobe of hind wing not concave, its edge with an occational projecting hairs (Fig. 193a) |
Apanteles saravus Nixon |
| b. |
Hind tibia brownish on more than basal half, hind basitarsus yellowish at base, spines on outer side of hind tibia virtually differentiated into two types, much denser, hind spurs much longert than outer one, ovipositor sheath 0.75 times as long as hind tibia, vanal lobe of hind wing concave without projecting hairs |
Apanteles coedicius Nixon |
| 37a. |
First tergite hardly narrowed apically (Fig. 191, 200). |
38 |
| b. |
First tergite distinctly narrowed apically |
39 |
| 38a. |
Hind femur bright yellow, hind tibia almost whitish yellow with faint apical infuscation, pale, setae of wings brown, length of body 2.4 mm |
Apanteles psenes Nixon |
| b. |
Hind femur blackish throughout, hind tibia much darker and being infuscate at least on apical half infuscation, pale, setae of wings colouress, length of body 2.8 mm |
Apanteles oenone Nixon |
| 39a. |
Vertex largely smooth but behind ocelli with extermely fine transverse aciculation, ovipositor considerably thickened (Fig. 155), ovipositor sheath slightly longer than hind tibia |
Apanteles clita Nixon |
| b. |
Vertex rugose with at most faint traces of broken and transverse aciculation, ovipositor less thick, temples more noticeably roughened |
Apanteles taragamae Viereck |
| 40a. |
Vanal lobe of hind wing beyond its widest part not in the least concave and with a complete or almost complete fringe of hairs or with a few projecting hairs |
41 |
| b. |
Vanal lobe of hind wing beyond its widest part more or less distinctly concave without a trace of fringe of hairs |
44 |
| 41a. |
Hind wing narrow (Fig. 203a), wings distinctly brownish |
42 |
| b. |
Hind wing broader, wings hyaline or nearly so, propodeum with complete areolation and costula strongly developed; vanal lobe of hind wing beyond its widest part with complete, through extremely short fringe (Fig. 142) |
Apanteles agamedes Nixon |
| 42a. |
Mesopleuron in oblique direction merely hollowed out in the manner common to most species, head almost subquadrate dorsally, posterior end of notaulic course indicated bu a zone of shiny striate-punctation, stigma brownish yellow |
Apanteles saravus Nixon |
| b. |
Mesopleuron in oblique direction sufficient hollowed out to form a discrete, linear stemaulus |
43 |
| 43a. |
Punctures of mesoscutum usually large for the size of insect, hardly more crowded at posterior end of notaulic courses and here tending to face out, eyes markedly convergent, ocelli slightly high, hairs of ovipositor sheath standing out almost at right angles |
Apanteles stenotelas Nixon |
| b. |
Punctures of mesoscutum smaller and closer but generally surface much as in stenotelas very shiny with punctures tending to fade out posteriorly, eyes considerably less convergent, ocelli slightly lower, anterior tangent of posterior ocelli almost touching anterior ocellus |
Apanteles pisenor Nixon |
| 44a. |
Ocelli in a high triangle, anterior tangent of posterior ocelli not touching margin of anterior ocellus, hind wing narrow, ovipositor sheath hardly as long as hind tibia |
Apanteles fundulus Nixon |
| b. |
Ocelli in a low triangle, anterior tangent of posterior ocelli cutting or touching margin of anterior ocellus, hind wing broader |
45 |
| 45a. |
Firts tergite long and disctinctly narrow apically, scutellum varying from confiisely punctate to quite densely striate-punctate, propodeal spfracle medium-sized |
Apanteles significans Walker |
| b. |
If first tergite as description above, then either propodeum without costulae or hind femur yellow |
46 |
| 46a. |
Hind femur yellow entirely or at most with apical infuscation |
47 |
| b. |
Hind femur blackish ot (rarely) reddish brown |
51 |
| 47a. |
Vertex between ocelli and eye-margin very strongly punctate, almost thimble-punctate, face distinctly punctate |
48 |
| b. |
Vertex here with at most feeble punctation, not like thimble-punctate, face distinctly punctate |
49 |
| 48a. |
First tergite not narrowed posteriorly, lateral sulcus of basal median field of second tergite less than half as long as apical width of first tergite, ovipositor sheath about 1.5 times as long as hind tibia, scutellum dull |
Apanteles rutilans Nixon |
| b. |
First tergite distinctly narrowed posteriorly, lateral sulcus of basal median field of second tergite at least half as long as apical width of first tergite, ovipositor sheath slightly longer hind tibia, scutellum sharply punctate except medially |
Apanteles townesi Nixon |
| 49a. |
First tergite strongly and abruptly narrowed to apex, shiny and only feebly sculptured, wings markedly brownish, spines along upper part of outer side of hind tibia short, stubby and dense (Fig. 156b), ovipositor sheath about 1.25 times as long as hind tibia |
Apanteles cocotis Wilkinson |
| b. |
First tergite more or less parallel-sized, its harizontal part with rugosity, wings hyaline or nearly so, spines along upper part of outer side of hind tibia fine and not dense |
50 |
| 50a. |
Propodeum with three polished fields, its areolation more or less complete, horizontal part of first tergite with a broad and smooth trough, wings hyaline |
Apanteles salutifer Wilkinson |
| b. |
Propodeum dull, considerably rugose without polished fields, horizontal part of first tergite without a broad and smooth trough, wings brownish with setae darkened |
Apanteles chloris Nixon |
| 51a. |
First tergite hardly or not narrowed posteriorly, more or less quadrate or even widened apically |
52 |
| b. |
First tergite distinctly narrowed posteriorly |
53 |
| 52a. |
Posterior-lateral area of propodeum bounded laterally by a fine keel running almost parallel with true lateral margin, these two keels enclose a narrow longitudinal area (Fig. 152a), antenna short, mesocutum densely punctuate with two large posterior area sculptured densely, precoxal sulcus present, deep and rugose-striate, first tergite large, subquadrate (Fig. 152d) |
Apanteles carpatcus Say |
| b. |
Posterior-lateral area of propodeum without such a keel, propodeum without areolation but smooth looking, mesocutum weakly punctuate, precoxal sulcus absent, first tergite longer, ovipositor sheath subquadrate |
Apanteles ipepis Nixon |
| 53a. |
Propodeum with complete areolation or if costula is hardly indicated then ovipositor sheath fully as long as hind tibia |
54 |
| b. |
Propodeum without complete areolation, no costula, ovipositor sheath distinctly longer hind |
Apanteles dothis Nixon |
| 54a. |
Mesoscutum dull, densely and evenly punctate, scutellum with large, shallow and indistinct punctures, spines on outer side of hind tibia sparse |
Apanteles asis Nixon |
| b. |
Mesoscutum shiny, finely punctate, obsolesce posteriorly, spines on outer side of hind tibia denser |
Apanteles tirathabae Wilkinson |
| 55a.(5b). |
Ovipositor sheath distinctly longer than hind tibia |
56 |
| b. |
Ovipositor sheath hardly longer or shorter than hind tibia |
66 |
| 56a. |
Metasoma dusky yellow, except for first tergite, basal median field of second tergite and a faint band on following tergites, vertex to sides posterior ocellus with rather coarse punctuation |
Apanteles vermaulter Wilkinson |
| b. |
Metasoma dark entirely |
57 |
| 57a. |
Mesoscutum highly polished, its punctures well separated on posterior half (1-3 diameters) and mid-posteriorly tending to disappear altogether, propodeum with faint areola and costula because of rugosity, antenna distinctly shorter than body, ovipositor sheath about 1.5 times as long as hind tibia, hind femur dark brown |
Apanteles platydeae Wilkinson |
| b. |
Mesoscutum less polished because of closer punctuation, if more or less polished then antenna longer than body or ovipositor sheath not so long |
58 |
| 58a. |
Mesoscutum highly shiny between its rather large punctures, punctures fading posteriorly |
59 |
| b. |
Mesoscutum rarely as shiny between its punctures and then either ovipositor sheath |
62 |
| 59a. |
Antenna distinctly longer body, mesoscutum with close punctures anteriorly and sparse punctures posteriorly |
60 |
| b. |
Antenna distinctly shorter body or subequal to body, puncture of mesoscutum variable |
61 |
| 60a. |
Mesoscutum with large punctures, sharply discrete, area between punctures wider diameter of puncture, hind tibia blackened, except for a whitish basal ring |
Apanteles genitlis Nixon |
| b. |
Mesoscutum with medium-sized, area between punctures as wide as diameter of puncture, basal half of hind tibia yellowish brown |
Apanteles sublabne Tobias & Long |
| 61a. |
Antenna shorter body, second tergite shiny and smooth, subapical antennal segment short as long as wide (Fig. 210b), eye distinctly convergent below |
Apanteles subgenitlis Tobias & Long |
| b. |
Antenna as long as body, apical antennal segment longer than width, eye not convergent |
Apanteles hanoti Tobias & Long |
| 62a. |
Scapus black entirely |
63 |
| b. |
Scapus yellow, infuscate apically except |
65 |
| 63a. |
Ovipositor very thick, in lateral view fully equal to width of hind basitarsus |
Apanteles metesae Nixon |
| b. |
Ovipositor slender, in lateral view less than width of hind basitarsus |
4 |
| 64a. |
Hind femur infuscate but with a yellowish flush along each side, mesoscutum polished between its sharp punctures, spines on outer side of hind tibia dense and thick |
Apanteles coequatus Nixon |
| b. |
Hind femur black thoughout, mesoscutum with less even punctures, puncture tending to be confluent in places psteriorly, spines on outer side of hind tibia not so thick |
Apanteles tulis Nixon |
| 65a. |
Hind femur more or less infuscate |
Apanteles inquisitor Wilkinson |
| b. |
Hind femur yellow entirely |
Apanteles stantoni Asmead |
| 66a. |
Vein 1-R1 (metacarp) of fore wing rather short, slightly longer pterostigma, hind wing narrow, vein cu-a very short (Fig. 215a), first tergite parallel-sided |
Apanteles tuluemensis Tobias & Long |
| b. |
Vein 1-R1 at least twice as long as pterostiga, first tergite usually widened apically |
67 |
| 67a. |
Second and third tergites almost rugose, first tergite strongly widened to apex (Fig. 164), ovipositor sheath about as long as hind basitarsus |
Apanteles hemithalee Wilkinson |
| b. |
Second and third tergites almost smooth or dull, first tergite variable or ovipositor sheath almost concealed |
68 |
| 68a. |
Ovipositor sheath not, or only slightly projecting beyond apex of metasoma, not longer than hind basitarsus |
69 |
| b. |
Ovipositor sheath always at least longer, considerably projecting beyond apex of metasoma, not longer than hind basitarsus |
71 |
| 69a. |
Telotarsus of fore leg without trace of a spine ventrally, hind femur yellow, mesoscutum with anterior large area of dull, course rugose-punctuation |
Apanteles cleo Nixon |
| b. |
Telotarsus of fore leg with at least a fine but distinct spine |
70 |
| 70a. |
Hind femur infuscate, especially along sides, spine of telotarsus of fore leg inconspicuous (Fig. 177b), second basal field about 0.75 times as long as remainder part of second tergite beyond it |
Apanteles hyposidrae Wilkinson |
| b. |
Hind femur yellow or near so, pterostigma with a pale basal spot, scutellum shiny, spine of telotarsus of fore leg less developed as in hyposidrae |
Apanteles expulsus Turner |
| 71a. |
Ovipositor sheath much shorter than hind tibia |
72 |
| b. |
Ovipositor sheath slightly shorter than hind tibia |
74 |
| 72a. |
Posterior half of mesoscutum polished with sparse and discrete punctures, punctures fading along posterior margin, hind leg blackish virtually throughout, scutellum polished impunctate, tarsus of fore leg whitish, telotarsus without a spine |
Apanteles acratos Nixon |
| b. |
Posterior half of mesoscutum not polished but closely punctate, punctures separated as much as one diameter |
73 |
| 73a. |
Horizontal surface of first tergite largely polished and smooth, basal field of second tergite smooth except traces of puncture towards sides, fore telotarsus with an inconspicuous spine, ovipositor very thick, curved, strongly tapering from base to apex but with apical attenuation equal to hind fourth tarsal segment (Fig. 199a) |
Apanteles prodoneiae Viereck |
| b. |
Horizontal surface of first tergite rugose entirely, basal field of second tergite rarely smooth but rugose, fore telotarsus with a strong spine, ovipositor thick, tapering and curved without apical attenuation |
Apanteles expulsus Turner |
| 74a. |
Ovipositor sheath about as long as hind tibia. |
75 |
| b. |
Ovipositor sheath obviously shorter hind tibia. |
78 |
| 75a. |
Ovipositor with apical attenuation equal to about length of hind basitarsus, hind femur yellow, horizontal surface of first tergite distinctly transverse largely rugose, fore telotarsus with a feeble spine, ovipositor almost straight. |
Apanteles heterusiae Wilkinson |
| b. |
If ovipositor with an abrupt apical attenuation then ovipositor distinctly shorter hind basitarsus, fore telotarsus without a spine. |
76 |
| 76a. |
Ovipositor thin, without apical attenuation and feeble curved throughout, hind femur infuscate, inner spur of hind tibia 0.5 times as long as hind basitarsus, horizontal surface of first tergite full as long as wide. |
Apanteles bambusae Wilkinson |
| b. |
Ovipositor thick, strongly down-curved and with an abrupt, apical attenuation and apical attenuation as long as hind basitarsus (Fig.140c), hind femur infuscate, inner spur of hind tibia shorter half of hind basitarsus, horizontal surface of first tergite longer than wide. |
77 |
| 77a. |
Discoidal cell of fore wing wider than high (Fig. 150b), pterostigma pale, almost pellucid with darker border, fore wing with dense setae, evenly distributed, first tergite more or less sculptured. |
Apanteles baoris Wilkinson |
| b. |
Discoidal cell of fore wing not wider than high, pterostigma dark, wings faintly brownish, first tergite polished medially without sculpture. |
Apanteles agilis Ashmead |
| 78a. |
Ovipositor much thickened towards base and with a distinctly apical attenuation, discoidal cell of fore wing not wider than wide, fore telotarsus with long and curved conspicuous spine (Fig. 198b), hind femur yellow. |
Apanteles priscus Nixon |
| b. |
Ovipositor at most only weakly thickened towards base and without apical attenuation, discoidal cell of fore wing slightly wider than wide, fore telotarsus with or without conspicuous spine, hind femur infuscate. |
79 |
| 79a. |
Fore telotarsus with a distinct spine, horizontal area of first tergite slightly transverse and largely rugose (Fig. 193), ovipositor distinctly thickened towards base. |
Apanteles orelia Nixon |
| b. |
Fore telotarsus without a spine, horizontal area of first tergite longer than wide and finely rugose, ovipositor thin and feebly curved. |
Apanteles bambusae Wilkinson |
141. Apanteles acratos Nixon, 1967
Apanteles (Apanteles) acratos Nixon, 1967. Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 21: 23.
NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Ky Son).
142. Apanteles agamedes Nixon, 1965 (Fig. 142)
Apanteles (Apanteles) agamedes Nixon, 1965. Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Ent.), Suppl. 2: 91.
NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Ky Son).
143. Apanteles agilis Ashmead, 1905 (Fig. 143)
Pseudapanteles (Apanteles) agilis Ashmead, 1905. Proc. U.S. nat. Mus., 28, N. 14 3: 969.
NE. Vietnam: Ha Noi (Chuong My).
144. Apanteles allofulvigastrer Long K, 2007 (Figs 144 a-f)
Apanteles allofulvigastrer Long, 2007. Tap chi Sinh hoc, 29(2): 35.
NE. Vietnam: Ha Noi (Gia Lam).
145. Apanteles amaris Nixon, 1967 (Fig. 145)
Apanteles amaris Nixon, 1967. Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 21: 32.
NE. Vietnam: Ha Noi (Gia Lam).
146. Apanteles angaleti Muesebeck, 1956 (Figs 146 a-b)
Apanteles angaleti Muesebeck, 1956. Boll Lab. Zool. Gen. agr. Portici 33: 61.
Biology: host Sylepta derogata F. (Pyralidae).
NW. Vietnam: Son La (Hat Lot).
147. Apanteles assis Nixon, 1965
Apanteles (Apanteles) assis Nixon, 1965. Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.), Suppl. 2: 96.
NE. Vietnam: Vinh Phuc (Tam Dao NP), Ha Noi (Thach That).
148. Apanteles bakeri Wilkinson, 1932 (Figs 148 a-c)
Apanteles bakeri Wilkinson, 1932. Stylops, 1:139-144.
NC. Vietnam: Ha Tinh (Huong Son).
149. Apanteles bambusae Wilkinson, 1928
Apanteles bambusae Wilkinson, 1928. Bull. ent. Res. 19: 129.
NE. Vietnam: Vinh Phuc (Tam Dao NP).
150. Apanteles baoris Wilkinson, 1930 (Fig. 150 a-c)
Apanteles baoris Wilkinson, 1930. Bull. ent. Res. 21: 280.
Biology: host Parnara guttata Bremer & Grey and P. mathias (Fabricius) (Hesperiidae).
NE. Vietnam: Red River Delta.
151. Apanteles calycinae Wilkinson, 1928 (Fig. 151 a-b)
Apanteles calycinae Wilkinson, 1928. Bull. ent. Res., 19: 113.
NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Cao Phong).
152. Apanteles carpatus (Say, 1836) (Fig. 152 a-d)
Microgaster carpatus Say, 1836. Boston J. nat. Hist. 1(3): 263.
Biology: host Tineidae.
NE. Vietnam: Vinh Phuc (Tam Dao NP); N. Vietnam: Ha Noi; NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh.
153. Apanteles chloris Nixon, 1965 (Fig. 153)
Apanteles chloris Nixon, 1965. Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.), Suppl. 2: 77.
NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Ky Son).
154. Apanteles cleo Nixon, 1967 (Fig. 154 a-b)
Apanteles cleo Nixon, 1967. Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Ent.), 21: 30.
Biology: host Plusia spp.
S. Vietnam: Kon Tum, Gia Lai.
155. Apanteles clita Nixon, 1965 (Fig. 155)
Apanteles clita Nixon, 1965. Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) Suppl. 2: 67.
NW. Vietnam: Son La (To Hieu).
156. Apanteles cocotis (Wilkinson, 1934) (Figs 156 a-b)
Apanteles cocotis Wilkinson, 1934. Stylops 3: 152.
NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Da Bac).
157. Apanteles coecidicus Nixon, 1965
Apanteles coecidicus Nixon, 1965. Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) Suppl. 2: 46.
NE. Vietnam: Vinh Phuc (Tam Dao NP), Ha Noi (Hoai Duc).
158. Apanteles coequatus Nixon, 1967
Apanteles coequatus Nixon, 1967. Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.), 21: 20.
S. Vietnam: Gia Lai, Kon Tum.
159. Apanteles crates Nixon, 1965 (Fig. 159)
Apanteles (Apanteles) crates Nixon, 1965. Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) Suppl. 2: 100.
NE. Vietnam: Ha Noi (Hoai Duc, Tu Liem).
160. Apanteles cypris Nixon, 1965 (Figs 160 a-d)
Apanteles cypris Nixon, 1965. Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) Suppl. 2: 47.
Biology: host rice leafroller Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenée (Pyralidae).
Vietnam: throughout country.
161. Apanteles demades Nixon, 1965
Apanteles demades Nixon, 1965. Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) Suppl. 2: 67.
NE. Vietnam: Ha Noi (Hoai Duc); NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Ky Son).
162. Apanteles diocles Nixon, 1965 (Fig. 162)
Apanteles diocles Nixon, 1965. Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.), Suppl. 2: 48.
NE. Vietnam: Vinh Phuc (Tam Dao NP).
163. Apanteles dissimile Nixon, 1965 (Fig. 163)
Apanteles dissimile Nixon, 1965. Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.), Suppl. 2: 93.
NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Ky Son).
164. Apanteles dores Nixon, 1965
Apanteles dores Nixon, 1965. Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.), Suppl. 2: 49.
NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Da Bac).
165. Apanteles dotus Nixon, 1965
Apanteles dotus Nixon, 1965. Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.), Suppl. 2: 94.
Biology: host Homona sp. (Tortricidae).
NE. Vietnam: Vinh Phuc; NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh.
166. Apanteles expulsus Turner, 1918 (Figs 166 a-b)
Apanteles expulsus Turner, 1918. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1918: 346.
Biology: host green semilooper Anomis flava F. (Noctuidae).
S. Vietnam: Dong Nai (Hung Loc).
167. Apanteles fakhrulhajiae Mahdihassan, 1925 (Figs 167 a-c)
Apanteles fakhrulhajiae Mahdihassan, 1925. J. Sci. Ass. Maharaj. Coll. Viziangaram 2: 81.
NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Ky Son).
168. Apanteles fundulus Nixon, 1965 (Fig. 168)
Apanteles fundulus Nixon, 1965. Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.), Suppl. 2: 64.
NE. Vietnam: Bac Ninh, Ha Noi.
169. Apanteles gentilis Nixon, 1967
Apanteles gentilis Nixon, 1967. Bull. Br. nat. Hist. (Ent.), 21: 17.
NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Da Bac).
170. Apanteles gialamensis Long, 2007 (Figs 170 a-g)
Apanteles gialamensis Long, 2007. Tap chi Sinh hoc, t.29(3): 25.
NE. Vietnam: Ha Noi (Gia Lam).
171. Apanteles grandiculus Wilkinson, 1929 (Figs 171 a-c)
Apanteles grandiculus Wilkinson, 1929. Bull. ent. Res. 20: 110.
NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Cao Phong).
172. Apanteles hanoi Tobias & Long, 1990 (Figs 172 a-c)
Apanteles hanoi Tobias & Long, 1990. Proc. Zool. Inst. vol. 209, part 1: 111.
Biology: host Lamprosema indicata Fabricius (Pyralidae).
N. Vietnam: Ha Noi (Tu Liem, Quoc Oai), Bac Ninh (Tien Son); NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Yen Thuy).
173. Apanteles hemara Nixon, 1965 (Figs 173 a-b)
Apanteles hemara Nixon, 1965. Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.), Suppl. 2: 58.
NE. Vietnam: Ha Noi (Quoc Oai).
174. Apanteles hemitheae Wilkinson, 1928 (Fig. 174)
Apanteles hemitheae Wilkinson, 1928. Bull. ent. Res. 19: 124.
NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Da Bac).
175. Apanteles heterusiae Wilkinson, 1928
Apanteles heterusiae Wilkinson, 1928. Bull. ent. Res., 19: 127.
176. Apanteles hyemeae Wilkinson, 1935 (Fig. 176)
Apanteles hyemeae Wilkinson, 1935. Stylops 4(3): 267.
NE. Vietnam: Ha Noi (Hoai Duc).
177. Apanteles hyposidrae Wilkinson, 1928 (Figs 177 a-c)
Apanteles hyposidrae Wilkinson, 1928. Bull. ent. Res., 19: 125.
S. Vietnam: Kon Tum, Gia Lai.
178. Apanteles inquisitor Wilkinson, 1928
Apanteles inquisitor Wilkinson, 1928. Bull. ent. Res., 19: 134.
S. Vietnam: Kon Tum, Gia Lai.
179. Apanteles ippeus Nixon, 1965 (Figs 179 a-d)
Apanteles ippeus Nixon, 1965. Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.), Suppl. 2: 96.
NE. Vietnam: Vinh Phuc (Tam Dao NP); NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Ky Son).
180. Apanteles (Apanteles) isander Nixon, 1965 (Figs 180 a-b)
Apanteles isander Nixon, 1965. Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.), Suppl. 2: 59.
NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Ky Son, Da Bac).
181. Apanteles iulis Nixon, 1967
Apanteles iulis Nixon, 1967. Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.), 21: 16.
NE. Vietnam: Ha Noi (Thach That, Hoai Duc); S. Vietnam: Kon Tum, Gia Lai.
182. Apanteles javensis Rohwer, 1918 (Figs 182 a-e)
Apanteles javensis Rohwer, 1918 (1919). Proc. U. S. nat. Mus. 54: 567.
Biology: host Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Pyralidae).
NE. Vietnam: Ha Noi (Tu Liem, Chuong My).
183. Apanteles lyridice Nixon, 1965 (Figs 183 a-c)
Apanteles lyridice Nixon, 1965. Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.), Suppl. 2: 46.
NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Ky Son).
184. Apanteles machaeralis Wilkinson, 1928 (Figs 184 a-c)
Apanteles machaeralis Wilkinson, 1928. Bull. ent. Res., 19: 123.
NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Ky Son).
185. Apanteles mamitus Nixon, 1965 (Fig. 185)
Apanteles mamitus Nixon, 1965. Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.), Suppl. 2: 45.
NE. Vietnam: Ha Noi (Gia Lam); NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Ky Son), Son La (To Hieu).
186. Apanteles medon Nixon, 1965 (Fig. 186)
Apanteles (Apanteles) medon Nixon, 1965. Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.), Suppl. 2: 90.
NE. Vietnam: Vinh Phuc (Tam Dao NP).
187. Apanteles metesae Nixon, 1967 (Fig. 187)
Apanteles metesae Nixon, 1967. Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.), 21 (1): 15.
S. Vietnam: Sai Gon (Nixon, 1967).
188. Apanteles mycerinus Nixon, 1965
Apanteles mycerinus Nixon, 1965. Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.), Suppl. 2: 57.
NE. Vietnam: Ha Noi (Tu Liem).
189. Apanteles niccepe Nixon, 1965 (Figs 189 a-b)
Apanteles niccepe Nixon, 1965. Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.), Suppl. 2: 45.
NE. Vietnam: Ha Noi (Dan Phuong).
190. Apanteles numenes Nixon, 1967 (Figs 190 a-b)
Apanteles numenes Nixon, 1967. Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.), 21: 31.
Biology: host Omioides indicata (Pyralidae).
NE. Vietnam: Ha Noi (Gia Lam); NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Ky Son), Son La (To Hieu).
191. Apanteles oenone Nixon, 1965 (Fig. 191)
Apanteles oenone Nixon, 1965. Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.), Suppl. 2: 49.
NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Ky Son).
192. Apanteles opacus (Ashmead, 1905) (Figs 192 a-b)
Urogaster opacus Ashmead, 1905 (1906): 118.
Biology: host Sylepta derogata (Fabricius) (Pyralidae).
NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh, (Ky Son), Son La (To Hieu).
193. Apanteles orelia Nixon, 1967 (Fig. 193)
Apanteles orelia Nixon, 1967. Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.), 21: 28.
NE. Vietnam: Vinh Phuc (Tam Dao NP).
194. Apanteles orsedice Nixon, 1965 (Fig. 194)
Apanteles orsedice Nixon, 1965. Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.), Suppl. 2: 167.
NE. Vietnam: Vinh Phuc (Tam Dao NP).
195. Apanteles phycodis Viereck, 1913 (Fig. 195)
Apanteles phycodis Viereck, 1913. Proc. U.S. natn. Mus. 44: 557.
NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Da Bac).
196. Apanteles pisenor Nixon, 1965
Apanteles pisenor Nixon, 1965. Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.), Suppl. 2: 82.
NE. Vietnam: Vinh Phuc (Tam Dao NP).
197. Apanteles platyedrae Wilkinson, 1928 (Fig. 197)
Apanteles (Apanteles) platyedrae Wilkinson, 1928. Bull. Ent. Res., 19: 133.
NE. Vietnam: Vinh Phuc (Tam Dao NP).
198. Apanteles priscus Nixon, 1967 (Figs 198 a-c)
Apanteles priscus Nixon, 1967. Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.), 21: 24.
NE. Vietnam: Ha Noi (Gia Lam); NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Ky Son).
199. Apanteles prodeniae Viereck, 1912 (Figs 199 a-b)
Apanteles prodeniae Viereck, 1912. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. XLII, No. 1888: 139.
Biology: host Spodoptera litura F. (Noctuidae).
NE. Vietnam: Hung Yen (Van Giang), Ha Noi (Tu Liem, Hoai Duc).
200. Apanteles pesnes Nixon, 1965 (Fig. 200)
Apanteles pesnes Nixon, 1965. Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.), Suppl. 2: 80.
NE. Vietnam: Ha Noi.
201. Apanteles rutilans Nixon, 1965 (Fig. 201)
Apanteles rutilans Nixon, 1965. Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.), Suppl. 2: 55.
NE. Vietnam: Ha Noi.
202. Apanteles salutifer Wilkinson, 1931 (Figs 202 a-b)
Apanteles salutifer Wilkinson, 1931. Bull. ent. Res. 22: 77.
Biology: host Anomis flava (Fabricius) (Pyralidae).
NE. Vietnam: Ha Noi (Gia Lam); S. Vietnam: Dong Nai (Hung Loc).
203. Apanteles sarawus Nixon, 1965 (Figs 203 a-b)
Apanteles sarawus Nixon, 1965. Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.), Suppl. 2: 81.
NE. Vietnam: Ha Noi (Tu Liem).
204. Apanteles significans (Walker, 1860) (Figs 204 a-c)
Microgaster significans Walker, 1860. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 3: 36.
NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Da Bac).
205. Apanteles sosis Nixon, 1965
Apanteles sosis Nixon, 1965. Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.), Suppl. 2: 57.
NE. Vietnam: Vinh Phuc (Tam Dao NP).
206. Apanteles stantoni (Ashmead, 1904) (Figs 206 a-c)
Urogaster stantoni Ashmead, 1904. J. N. Y. Ent. Soc. 12: 20.
Biology: host leaffolder Diaphania pyloalis (Walker) (Pyralidae).
NE. Vietnam: Ha Noi (Tu Liem, Chuong My); NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Da Bac).
207. Apanteles stenotelas Nixon, 1965 (Fig. 207)
Apanteles stenotelas Nixon, 1965. Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.), Suppl. 2: 82.
Biology: host Hymenia recurvalis F. (Pyralidae).
NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh.
208. Apanteles sylepta Ferrière, 1925 (Fig. 208)
Apanteles sylepta Ferrière, 1925 in Vayssière & Mimeur. Agron. Colon. 90: 261.
NE. Vietnam: Ha Noi (Quoc Oai).
209. Apanteles subcamilla Long, 2007 (Figs 209 a-f)
Apanteles subcamilla Long, 2007. Tap chi Sinh hoc, 29(3): 27.
NE. Vietnam: Ha Noi (Gia Lam).
210. Apanteles subgentilis Tobias & Long, 1990 (Figs 210 a-b)
Apanteles subgentilis Tobias & Long, 1990. Proc. Zool. Inst., vol. 209, part 1: 110.
NE. Vietnam: Ha Noi (Tu Liem).
211. Apanteles sublabene Tobias & Long, 1990 (Figs 211 a-f)
Apanteles sublabene Tobias & Long, 1990. Proc. Zool. Inst. vol. 209, part 1: 107.
NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Da Bac); S. Vietnam: Kon Tum, Gia Lai (Buon Luoi).
212. Apanteles taragamae Viereck, 1912 (Fig. 212)
Apanteles taragamae Viereck, 1912. Proc. U.S. natn. Mus. 42: 140.
NE. Vietnam: Ha Noi (Quoc Oai, Chuong My).
213. Apanteles tirathabae Wilkinson, 1928 (Fig. 213)
Apanteles tirathabae Wilkinson, 1928. Bull. ent. Res., 19: 202.
NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Ky Son).
214. Apanteles townesi Nixon, 1965
Apanteles townesi Nixon, 1965. Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.), Suppl. 2: 79.
NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Ky Son).
215. Apanteles tuliemensis Tobias & Long, 1990 (Figs 215 a-c)
Apanteles tuliemensis Tobias & Long, 1990. Proc. Zool. Inst. vol. 209, part 1: 112.
NE. Vietnam: Ha Noi (Tu Liem).
216. Apanteles vernaliter Wilkinson, 1932
Apanteles vernaliter Wilkinson, 1932. Stylops, 1: 141.
NE. Vietnam: Ha Noi (Gia Lam).
Genus Buluka de Saeger, 1948
Buluka de Saeger, 1948: 64.
Type-species: by original designation, Buluka straeleni de Saeger, 1948.
217. Buluka vuquangensis Long, 2015 (Figs 217 a-i)
Buluka vuquangensis Long, 2015. Tap chi Sinh hoc, 37(3): 283.
NC. Vietnam: Ha Tinh (Vu Quang NP).
Genus Cotesia Cameron, 1891
Cotesia Cameron, 1891. Mem. Proc. Manch. Lit. & Phil. Soc. 4: 185.
Key to species of the genus Cotesia Cameron from Vietnam
| 1a. |
Vein r of fore wing shorter than 2-SR, veins r and 2-SR distinctly angled (Fig. 221d) |
2 |
| b. |
Vein r of fore wing subequal or longer than 2-SR, veins r and 2-SR weakly angled (Figs 222d, 225a) |
6 |
| 2a. |
Antenna of female very short, shorter than body; small wasps 1.8-2.0 mm |
3 |
| b. |
Antenna of female subequal or longer than body; larger wasps more than 2.0 mm |
4 |
| 3a. |
Antenna of female very short, equal 0.5-0.6 times as long as length of body (Fig. 221a) (antenna of male subequal to length of body); first tergite very short and widened apically (Fig. 221c); hind femur reddish brown |
Cotesia flavipes Cameron |
| b. |
Antenna of female not so short, equal 0.7-0.8 times as long as length of body; first tergite very short and widened apically; hind femur dark brown |
Cotesia anomis (Watanabe) |
| 4a. |
Vein r of fore wing almost straight angled with pterostigma (Fig. 220a); propodeum with longitudinal rugo-striate; hind tibial spur rather short; third and fourth tergites yellow |
Cotesia cirphiicola (Bhatnagar) |
| b. |
Vein r of fore wing almost oblique angled with pterostigma (Figs 223a, 224d); propodeum with longitudinal rugulose; third and fourth tergites dark brown |
5 |
| 5a. |
Second and third tergites dark brown to black; vein 2-SR of fore wing thicker than vein r (Fig. 224d); first tergite roundly widened apically (Fig. 224c), first tergite longitudinally rugulose, remainder shiny and smooth |
Cotesia ruficrus (Haliday) |
| b. |
Second and third tergites pale brown; vein 2-SR of fore wing as thin as vein r; first tergite not roundly widened apically; second tergite with lateral rugulose groove (Fig. 223c) |
Cotesia kariyai (Watanabe) |
| 6a. |
First tergite slightly narrowed apically (Fig. 219); first tergite punctate and finely rugose; second tergite with basal trapezium field; ovipositor sheath subequal hind tibial spur |
Cotesia cirphiicola (Bhatnagar) |
| b. |
First tergite slightly parallel-sided or distinctly widened apically (Figs 222b, 225b, 226b); first tergite rugose; second tergite without basal trapezium field; ovipositor sheath shorter hind tibial spur |
7 |
| 7a. |
Vein r of fore wing distinctly longer than vein 2-SR (Figs 222d), vein r and 2-SR more or less angled; first tergite parallel-sided (Fig. 222b); propodeum with faint median longitudinal groove |
Cotesia glomerata (Linnaeus) |
| b. |
Vein r of fore wing subequal to vein 2-SR; vein r and 2-SR curved, not distinctly angled; first tergite widened apically (Figs 225b, 226b); propodeum rugo-punctate |
8 |
| 8a. |
Second tergite distinctly emarginated laterally (Fig. 225b); third tergite finely punctured basally, shiny and smooth apically; veins r and 2-SR of fore wing strongly curved (Fig. 225a) |
Cotesia taroiphagae (Cameron) |
| b. |
Second tergite not so emarginated laterally (Fig. 226*b); third tergite finely punctate basally, with short sparse setae apically; veins r and 2-SR of fore wing more or less angled |
Cotesia vestalis (Haliday) |
218. Cotesia cirphiocola (Bhatnagar, 1948) (Figs 218 a-b)
Apanteles cirphiocola Bhatnagar, 1948. Indian J. Ent., 10(2): 135.
Biology: host armyworm Mythimna spp..
NE. Vietnam: Red river Delta.
219. Cotesia clethrogynae Long, 2014 (Figs 219 a-i)
Cotesia clethrogynae Long, 2014. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 157: 84.
Biology: host Clethrogyna turbata Butler (Lymantriidae).
NE. Vietnam: Ha Noi, NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh.
220. Cotesia flavipes Cameron, 1891 (Figs 220 a-e)
Cotesia flavipes Cameron, 1891. Mem. proc. mand. Phil. Soc. (4): 185.
Biology: host Asiatic pink stem borer Sesamia inferens Walker (Noctuidae), striped rice stem borer Chilo suppressalis Walker, Asian corn borer Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenee).
Vietnam: throughout country.
221. Cotesia glomerata (Linnaeus, 1758) (Figs 221 a-e, Figs 221* a-f)
Ichneumon glomeratus Linnaeus, 1758. Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1: 568.
Biology: host Pieris rapae Linnaeus và Pieris canidia Sparrman (Pieridae).
NE. Vietnam: Ha Noi (Gia Lam, Ha Dong); NW. Vietnam: Lao Cai (Sa Pa).
222. Cotesia kariyai (Watanabe, 1937) (Figs 222 a-e)
Apanteles kariyai Watanabe, 1937. Ins. Mats. 12(1): 41.
Naranga aenescens Moore and Mythimna separata (Walker) (Noctuidae).
Vietnam: throughout country.
223. Cotesia ruficrus (Haliday, 1934) (Figs 223 a-e)
Microgaster ruficrus Haliday, 1934. Ent. Mag., 2: 253.
Biology: host Mythimna separata (Walker), M. loreyi (Duponchel) và M. venalba (Moore),
Naranga aenescens Moore, Spodoptera mauritia Boisduval, Plusia eriosoma Doubleday, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner).
224. Cotesia taprobanae (Cameron, 1897) (Figs 224 a-b)
Apanteles taprobanae Cameron, 1897. Mem. Proc. Manch. Phil. Soc., 41: 38.
NE. Vietnam: Ha Noi (Tu Liem).
225. Cotesia vestalis (Haliday, 1834) (Figs 225 a-c, Figs 225* a-c)
Apanteles plutellae Kurdjumov, 1912. Russ. ent. Obozr., 12: 226.
Biology: host Plutella xylostella, Spodoptera litura (F.), Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner).
NE. Vietnam: Bac Ninh (Tien Son), Ha Noi (Gia Lam, Tu Liem, Ha Dong).
Genus Exoryza Mason, 1981
Exoryza Mason, 1981. Memoirs of the Ent. Soc. 115: 40.
226. Exoryza schoenobii Wilkinson, 1932 (Figs 226 a-e)
Apanteles schoenobii Wilkinson, 1932. Stylops 1: 142.
Biology: Scirpophaga incertulas, Cnapalocrocis medinalis (Pyralidae).
NE. Vietnam: Thai Nguyen, Bac Ninh, Hung Yen, Ha Noi, Ha Nam, Thai Binh; NC. Vietnam: Thanh Hoa, Nghe An; S. Vietnam: Tien Giang, Ba Ria-Vung Tau.
Genus Microplitis Foerster, 1862
Key to species of the genus Microplitis Foerster from Vietnam
| 1a. |
Lateral and middle lobes of mesoscutum (except notauli) almost smooth or with fine punctures |
2 |
| b. |
Lateral and middle lobes of mesoscutum with distinct punctures or rugulose-punctate; notauli more or less developed and crenulate (Figs 227b, 228a, 229b, 230b) |
3 |
| 2a. |
First tergite narrowed apically, second tergite with median field defined by raised area (Fig. 227b); notauli distinctly developed and crenulate (Fig. 227e); vein 2-SR of fore wing distinctly curved (Figs 227d, e, f, g); basal antennal segments black |
Microplitis abrus Austin & Dangerfield |
| b. |
First tergite nearly parallel-sided; second tergite without median field (Fig. 230a); second tergite without median field defined by raised area; second third tergites usually yellow (Fig. 230d, e, f), in some specimens first tergite apically and laterally yellow; notauli indistinct, weakly depressed posteriorly (Fig. 230b); vein 2-SR of fore wing slightly curved; basal antennal segments pale brown (Fig. 230h) |
Microplitis demolitor Wilkinson |
| 3a. |
First tergite widened apically (Fig. 228d); mesoscutum robust, wider than transverse width of head dorsally (Fig. 228a) |
Microplitis areyongensis Austin & Dangerfield |
| b. |
First tergite narrowed apically or almost parallel-sided (Figs 232e; 234a; 236e,f); mesoscutum as wide as head |
4 |
| 4a. |
Hind coxa black; hind femur brown or dark brown (Fig. 235a) |
5 |
| b. |
Hind coxa yellow entirely or almost yellow apically (Figs. 231c, 236b) |
7 |
| 5a. |
First tergite parallel-sided or slightly narrowed apically (male); second tergite smooth, without defined basal median field (Fig. 234a); hind femur dark reddish brown or infuscate; hind tibia infuscate |
Microplitis prodeniae Rao & Kurian |
| b. |
First tergite narrowed and smooth apically; second tergite with defined basal median (Fig. 202e) |
6 |
| 6a. |
Scutellum not emarginated laterally; scutellum distinctly punctate; scapus black (Fig. 232f); pterostigma medium-sized, vein 2-SR+M of fore wing longer than vein 2-M (6:5); vein SR1 distinctly shorter than pterostigma (Fig. 232h) |
Microplitis manilae Ashmead |
| b. |
Scutellum distinctly emarginated laterally; scutellum more or less striate; scapus yellow (Fig. 235c); pterostigma wide, vein 2-SR+M of fore wing shorter than vein 2-M (Fig. 235d); first tergite ivory laterally (Fig. 235e) |
Microplitis similis Lyle |
| 7a. |
Metasoma distinctly shorter than mesosoma (especially in male) (Fig. 239e); vein 1-CU1 of fore wing at least 0.5 times or longer half of vein 2-CU1 (Fig. 239a) |
Microplitis gidjus Austin & Dangerfield |
| b. |
Metasoma equal or longer than mesosoma (Fig. 231, 236g); vein 1-CU1 of fore wing subequal or shorter than half of vein 2-CU1 |
8 |
| 8a. |
First-third tergites black (Fig. 236g); pterostigma lighter basally (Figs 236d, g); basal antennal segments dark brown (Fig. 236a) |
Microplitis tuberculifer (Wesmael) |
| b. |
At least second-third tergites yellow (Fig. 231a), sometimes first tergite reddish yellow |
9 |
| 9a. |
Mesonotum yellow or light brown, notauli distinct and crenulate (Fig. 238b); fore wing rather large, dark brown (Fig. 238f), vein 2-SR+M shorter than vein 2-M (4:5) |
Microplitis aprilae Austin & Dangerfield |
| b. |
Mesonotum black, notauli shallow and weakly crenulate (Fig. 233b); pterostigma lightly yellow basically (Fig. 233d); vein 2-SR+M of fore wing as long as vein 2-M |
Microplitis pallidipes Szépligeti |
227. Microplitis abrs Austin & Dangerfield, 1993 (Figs 227 a-g)
Microplitis abrs Austin & Dangerfield, 1993. Invertebrate Taxonomy. 7(5): 1105.
Biology: host cotton leafworm Spodoptera litura.
NE. Vietnam: Ha Noi (Gia Lam, Soc Son, Tu Liem, Thach That), Ninh Binh (Cuc Phuong), Ha Nam (Phu Ly); NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Yen Thuy); NC. Vietnam: Thua Thien-Hue (Huong Thuy).
228. Microplitis aprilae Austin & Dangerfield, 1993 (Figs 228 a-f)
Microplitis aprilae Austin & Dangerfield, 1993. Invertebrate Taxonomy. 7(5): 1110.
Biology: host cotton borerworm Spodoptera litura.
NE. Vietnam: Bac Ninh (Tien Son).
229. Microplitis areyongensis Austin & Dangerfield, 1993 (Figs 229 a-d)
Microplitis areyongensis Austin & Dangerfield, 1993. Invertebr. Taxon. 7: 1112.
S. Vietnam: Kien Giang (Phu Quoc NP).
230. Microplitis demolitor Wilkinson, 1934 (Figs 230 a-g)
Microplitis demolitor Wilkinson, 1934. Stylops. 3(5): 119.
NE. Vietnam: Ha Noi (Gia Lam), Ninh Binh (Cuc Phuong NP); NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Yen Thuy); S. Vietnam: Dak Lak.
231. Microplitis gidjus Austin & Dangerfield, 1993 (Figs 231 a-e)
Microplitis gidjus Austin & Dangerfield, 1993. Invertebr. Taxon., 7: 1123.
NE. Vietnam: Ha Noi (Gia Lam), Ninh Binh (Cuc Phuong NP).
232. Microplitis manilae Ashmead, 1904 (Figs 232 a-g)
Microplitis manilae Ashmead, 1904. J. N. Y. Ent. Soc. XII: 20.
Biology: host Spodoptera litura, Helicoverpa armigera.
NE. Vietnam: Bac Ninh (Tien Son), Ha Noi (Gia Lam, Hoai Duc, Quoc Oai); NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh; S. Vietnam: Lam Dong (Duc Trong).
233. Microplitis pallidipes Szépligeti, 1902 (Figs 233 a-e)
Microplitis pallidipes Szépligeti, 1902. Termes. Fuz., XXV: 64.
Biology: host Spodoptera litura (Noctuidae).
NE. Vietnam: Bac Ninh (Tien Son), Ha Noi (Gia Lam, Quoc Oai).
234. Microplitis prodneiae Rao & Kurian, 1950 (Figs 234 a-d)
Microplitis prodneiae Rao & Kurian, (1950) 1951. Indian J. Ent. 12: 167.
Biology: host Spodoptera litura (Noctuidae).
NE. Vietnam: Bac Ninh (Tien Son), Ha Noi (Gia Lam, Quoc Oai).
235. Microplitis similis Lyle, 1921 (Figs 235 a-e)
Microplitis similis Lyle, 1921. Bull. Ent. Res. XII: 129.
Biology: hosts cotton worm Helicoverpa armigera and cotton leafworm Spodoptera litura (Noctuidae).
NE. Vietnam: Bac Ninh (Tien Son), Ha Noi (Gia Lam, Quoc Oai).
236. Microplitis tuberculifer (Wesmael, 1837) (Figs 236 a-h)
Microgaster tuberculifera Wesmael, 1837. Nouv. Mem. Acad. Brux. 10: 43.
Biology: host Spodoptera litura (Noctuidae).
NE. Vietnam: Bac Ninh (Tien Son), Ha Noi (Gia Lam, Quoc Oai).
Genus Pseudofornicia van Achterberg, 2015
Pseudofornicia van Achterberg, 2015. Zookeys 524: 91.
Type species: by original designation, Pseudofornicia nigrisoma van Achterberg & Long, 2015
237. Pseudofornicia nigrisoma van Achterberg & Long, 2015 (Figs 237 a-j)
Pseudofornicia nigrisoma van Achterberg & Long, 2015. ZooKeys 524: 94.
NC. Vietnam: Ha Tinh (Huong Son, Vu Quang NP).
238. Pseudofornicia vanachterbergi Long, 2015 (Figs 238 a-h)
Fornicia achterbergi Long, 2007. Tap chi Sinh hoc, 29(2): 2007.
NE. Vietnam: Ha Noi (Thach That, Hoa Lac).
Giống Snellenius Westwood, 1882
Snellenius Westwood, 1882. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie. 25:19.
239. Snellenius maculipennis (Szépligeti, 1900) (Figs 239 a-f)
Microplitis maculipennis Szépligeti, 1900. Természetrajzi Füztek. 23: 49-65.
Synonym:
Microplitis eusurus Lyle, 1921(12): 129-132.
Microplitis ophiusae Ramakrishna Ayyar, 1921 (28): 298-300.
NE. Vietnam: Ha Noi (Gia Lam).
240. Snellenius nigellus Long & van Achterberg, 2013 (Figs 240 a-e)
Snellenius nigellus Long & van Achterberg, 2013: Tap chi Sinh hoc, 35(3): 274.
NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Mai Chau).
241. Snellenius philippinensis (Ashmead, 1904) (Figs 241 a-e)
Microplitis philippinensis Ashmead, 1904. Journal of the New York Entomological Society. 12:1-22.
Synonym:
Microplitis bimaculatus Cameron, 1909
Snellenius philippinensis (Ashmead, 1904). Long & van Achterberg, 2004, 35(3): 277.
NE. Vietnam: Ha Noi (Gia Lam), Ninh Binh (Cuc Phuong NP); NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Mai Chau); S. Vietnam: Lam Dong (Duc Trong). Indonêxia, Malaysia, Philippines.
242. Snellenius similis Long & van Achterberg, 2013 (Fige 242 a-e)
Snellenius similis Long & van Achterberg, 2013. Tap chi Sinh hoc, 35(3): 274.
NE. Vietnam: Thai Nguyen (Dai Tu), Vinh Phuc (Tam Dao NP), Ha Noi (Gia Lam).
Genus Wilklnsonellus Mason, 1981
Wilkinsonellus Mason, 1981. Mem. Ent. Soc. Canada, 115: 122.
Key to species of the genus Wilkinsonellus Mason from Vietnam
| 1a. |
Mesosoma flattened, scutellum at same level as propodeum; scutellum almost smooth and without a transverse posterior carina; hind coxa more or less shortened, not surpassing apex of first tergite in W. flavicrus |
2 |
| b. |
Mesosoma normal, scutellum protruding far above level of propodeum; scutellum rugose or punctate-rugose, often with an apical spine; hind coxa long, distinctly surpassing apex of first tergite |
3 |
| 2a. |
Propodeum with a very coarse median carina combined with various strong secondary rugae (Fig. 343 in Nixon, 1965); body large (about 5.5 mm), completely brownish yellow. New Britain |
Wilkinsonellus daira (Nixon, 1965) |
| b. |
Propodeum with a coarse median carina dividing propodeum into two smooth lateral parts, without rugae; body rather small (2.4 mm), black, metasoma yellowish brown, first metasomal tergite ivory laterally. Vietnam |
W. flavicrus Long & van Achterberg, 2011 |
| 3a. |
Ocelli small or medium-sized, OOL more than diameter of posterior ocellus or subequal (Figs 246a, 247b); eyes hardly or not emarginate at inner sides |
3 |
| b. |
Ocelli large to very large, OOL less than diameter of posterior ocellus or equal (Figs 245d, 249h); eyes distinctly emarginate at inner sides |
11 |
| 4a. |
Mesopleuron obliquely striate above precoxal sulcus; OOL 1.0-1.5 times diameter of posterior ocellus; [longitudinal carina of frons short anteriorly; frons faintly striate]. New Guinea, Australia (Queensland) |
W. striatus Austin & Dangerfield, 1992 |
| b. |
Mesopleuron smooth or sparsely punctate above precoxal sulcus; OOL 1.6-2.0 times diameter of posterior ocellus |
5 |
| 5a. |
Body completely brownish yellow; propodeum with a carina behind its spiracle |
6 |
| b. |
Body partly dark brown or blackish (at least propodeum and mesopleuron); propodeum without a carina behind its spiracle |
7 |
| 6a. |
Face coarsely reticulate-rugose; vertex and temple strongly punctate; OOL less than twice diameter of posterior ocellus; mesoscutum very coarsely rugose-punctate. Philippines (Mindanao), China (Taiwan (Chou, 1999)) |
W. iphitus Nixon, 1965 |
| b. |
Face, vertex and temple finely and densely punctate; OOL about twice diameter of posterior ocellus; mesoscutum finely punctate. New Guinea, New Britain, Australia (Queensland) |
W. tomi Austin & Dangerfield, 1992 |
| 7a. |
Scutellum with a small spine apically (Figs 247h, 248b) |
8 |
| b. |
Scutellum without a small spine apically |
10 |
| 8a. |
Head yellow; vertex comparatively wide; frons distinctly depressed anteriorly; precoxal sulcus deep, more or less carinate (Fig. 248h); hind coxa yellow basally. Vietnam W. nigrocentrus Long & van Achterberg, 2011 Note: If OOL 0.6 times POL, first tergite about 4.8 times its maximum width (and about 7 times its apical width), head largely reddish- brown and second tergite with weak medial area, cf. W. granulatus Ahmad, Pandey, Haider & Shujauddin, 2005, from India (Maharashtra). The type was unavailable for study and the short description did not allow an unambiguous insertion in the key |
|
| b. |
Head black or blackish brown; vertex normal; frons moderately depressed anteriorly; precoxal sulcus short and deep, largely smooth; hind coxa completely black |
9 |
| 9a. |
Vein 1-CU1 of fore wing 0.50 times as long as vein 2-CU1 (Fig. 247g); pterostigma distinctly shorter vein 1-R1 (23 : 60) (Fig. 247g); frons smooth; propodeum largely rugose; vein cu-a of hind wing more or less sinuate (Fig. 247e). Vietnam |
W. nigratus Long & van Achterberg, 2011 |
| b. |
Vein 1-CU1 of fore wing 0.85 times as long as vein 2-CU1 (Fig. 246c); pterostigma as long as vein 1-R1; frons rugose-punctate; propodeum sparsely rugose apically, smooth basally; vein cu-a of hind wing curved. Vietnam |
W. masoni Long & van Achterberg, 2011 |
| 10a. |
Head entirely, mesoscutum and scutellum black; frons, vertex and temple dull, coarsely rugose-punctate; scutellum medially dull and densely rugose; second metasomal tergite with an elongate parallel-sided area. Afrotropical (Congo, Kenya) |
W. henicopus (de Saeger, 1944) |
| b. |
Head brownish yellow, mesoscutum and scutellum reddish brown; frons, vertex and temple shiny and almost smooth; scutellum medially shiny and superficially rugose-punctate; second tergite without such area. Oriental (Philippines: Luzon) |
W. thyone (Nixon, 1965) |
| 11a. |
Lateral lobes of mesoscutum and mesopleuron ventrally brownish yellow; ocelli strongly protuberant, in frontal view completely above dorsal level of eyes |
12 |
| b. |
Lateral lobes of mesoscutum and mesosternum dark brown or blackish; ocelli less protuberant, in frontal view partly below dorsal level of eyes |
13 |
| 12a. |
Apical half of hind femur and dorsal patch on hind coxa dark brown; face slightly less widened dorsally (width at level of antennal sockets 1.2 times width at level of base of clypeus (Fig. 245e). Vietnam |
W. longicentrus Long & van Achterberg, 2003 |
| b. |
Apical half of hind femur orange brown and no dorsal patch on hind coxa; face slightly more widened dorsally (width at level of antennal sockets 1.3 times width at level of base of clypeus; Fig. 243a). Australia |
W. amplus Austin & Dangerfield, 1992 |
| 13a. |
Temple narrow (Fig. 249h), in lateral view its width near middle of eye 0.3-0.35 times transverse diameter of eye; OOL of female 0.2-0.3 times diameter of posterior ocellus (Fig. 249h); vertex without transverse rugosities. Vietnam |
W. paramplus Long & van Achterberg, 2003 |
| b. |
Temple wider, in lateral view its width near middle of eye 0.4-0.5 times transverse diameter of eye; OOL of female 0.5 times diameter of posterior ocellus; vertex with distinct transverse rugosities; Vietnam |
W. tobiasi Long, 2007 |
243. Wilkinsonellus amplus Austin & Dangerfield, 1992 (Figs 243 a-b)
Wilkinsonellus amplus Austin & Dangerfield, 1992. Invertebrate Taxonomy. 6(1): 62.
NE. Vietnam: Thai Nguyen (Dai Tu).
244. Wilkinsonellus flavicrus Long & van Achterberg, 2011 (Figs 244 a-j)
Wilkinsonellus flavicrus Long & van Achterberg, 2011. Dtsch. Entomol. Z. 58 (1): 125.
NE. Vietnam: Ha Noi (Thach That).
245. Wilkinsonellus longicentrus Long & van Achterberg, 2003 (Figs 245 a-h)
Wilkinsonellus longicentrus Long & van Achterberg, 2003. Zool. Med. Leiden 77(10): 225.
NC. Vietnam: Ha Tinh (Huong Son).
246. Wilkinsonellus masoni Long & van Achterberg, 2011 (Figs 246 a-h)
Wilkinsonellus masoni Long & van Achterberg, 2011. Dtsch. Entomol. Z. 58 (1): 127.
NE. Vietnam: Thai Nguyen (Dai Tu).
247. Wilkinsonellus nigratus Long & van Achterberg, 2011 (Figs 247 a-j)
Wilkinsonellus nigratus Long & van Achterberg, 2011. Dtsch. Entomol. Z. 58 (1): 129.
NE. Vietnam: Ha Giang.
248. Wilkinsonellus nigrocentrus Long & van Achterberg, 2011 (Figs 248 a-i)
Wilkinsonellus nigrocentrus Long & van Achterberg, 2011. Dtsch. Entomol. Z. 58 (1): 130.
S. Vietnam: Kon Tum.
249. Wilkinsonellus paramplus Long & van Achterberg, 2003 (Figs 249 a-m)
Wilkinsonellus paramplus Long & van Achterberg, 2003. Zool. Med. Leiden 77(10): 223.
NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Yen Thuy).
250. Wilkinsonellus tobiasi Long, 2007 (Figs 250 a-i)
Wilkinsonellus tobiasi Long, 2007. Tap chi Sinh hoc, t.29(2): 38.
NE. Vietnam: Thai Nguyen (Dai Tu); NC. Vietnam: Thua Thien-Hue (A Luoi).
SUBFAMILY ROGADINAE FOERSTER, 1862
Diagnosis. Hypoclypeal depression present; inner side of eyes more or less emarginated; occipital carina complete medio-laterally; labial palp with 4 segments; prepectal carina absent; fore wing with vein r-m forming second submarginal cell; dorsal carinae of first metasomal tergite meeting each other and pointing posteriad; second metasomal tergite usually with small smooth triangular area medio-basally. Large cosmopolitan subfamily containing koinobiont endoparasitoids of larval Lepidoptera. For the key to the genera of the subfamily Rogadinae, see Chen & He (1997).
Genus Aleiodes Wesmael, 1838
Aleiodes Wesmael, 1838. Nouv. Mem. Acad. sci. R. Bruxelles 11: 194.
Key to species of the genus Aleiodes Wesmael from Vietnam
| 1a. |
Marginal cell of hind wing parallel-sided or slightly widened apically and its maximum width less than 1.6 times its width near hamuli (Figs 253b, 254h, 255b, 256c, 257b, 258h, 259b, 260i, 261b, 266f), if up to 2.5 times its wide apically then mesopleuron largely coriaceous or finely granulate, or trochantellus very slender; tarsal claws simple or at most yellowish pectinate; precoxal sulcus usually absent; second metasomal tergite without triangular area medio-basally or this area indistinct; occipital carina usually complete ventrally and reaching hypostomal carina (Figs 257d, 260c); lateral carina of scutellum present (sometimes absent) |
2 |
| b. |
Marginal cell of hind wing distinctly widened apically, its maximum width 1.6 times its width near hamuli or wider (Figs 262b, 263h, 264c, 265f), if largely parallel-sided, then hind tarsal claws blackish pectinate; mesopleuron smooth medially, usually sculptured dorsally (Fig. 262a); precoxal sulcus more or less developed; second metasomal tergite with distinct and smooth triangular area medio-basally; occipital carina usually reduced ventrally, not reaching hypostomal carina (Fig. 263c); lateral carina of scutellum absent (subgenus Chelonorhogas Enderlein) |
11 |
| 2a. |
Hind trochantellus very slender; its length 4.0-4.5 times its width; vein m-cu of hind wing present, anterior; antenna unicoloured brownish yellow |
Aleiodes (Heterogamus) takasuae van Achterberg |
| b. |
Hind trochantellus normal, robust; its length 4.0-4.5 times its width; vein m-cu of hind wing present or absent; antenna variable (subgenus Aleiodes Wesmael) |
3 |
| 3a. |
Vein r of fore wing 0.7-3.0 times vein 3-SR (Figs 253a, 259a), if about 0.7 times then length of malar space 0.5 times height of eye in lateral view |
4 |
| b. |
Vein r of fore wing 0.2-0.6 times vein 3-SR (Figs 253g, 255a, 257a, 258i, 260h), if about 0.6 times the length of malar space 0.3-0.4 times height of eye in lateral view |
7 |
| 4a. |
Vein r and m-cu of hind wing present (Fig. 265b); mesopleuron entirely with rugae; tarsal claws pectinate (Fig. 265d); vein r of fore wing slightly longer than 3-SR; marginal cell of hind wing not widened apically |
Aleiodes (Aleiodes) crassinervis Chen & He |
| b. |
Vein r of hind wing absent, vein m-cu absent or present (Figs 253b, 259b); mesopleuron at least smooth medially; tarsal claws simple (Fig. 240d); vein r of fore wing distinctly longer than 3-SR; marginal cell of hind wing slightly widened apically |
5 |
| 5a. |
Hind trochantellus less robust; vein m-cu of hind wing absent (Fig. 260i); fourth tergite with sharp lateral crease; body completely yellow |
Aleiodes (Aleiodes) narangae (Rohwer) |
| b. |
Hind trochantellus shorter and robust; vein m-cu of hind wing present (Figs 258b, 259b); fourth tergite without sharp lateral crease; body backish brown or completely infuscate |
6 |
| 6a. |
Body blackish brown, pterostigma and veins brown; antenna brown basally and apically, yellow medially; legs yellow, hind femur blackish brown |
Aleiodes (Aleiodes) albigena Chen & He |
| b. |
Body reddish yellow to brownish yellow, pterostigma and veins yellow; antenna blackish brown, basal two segments yellow; hind tibia brownish apically |
Aleiodes (Aleiodes) naevius Chen & He |
| 7a. |
In dorsal view, temple distinctly narrowed behind eyes, length of eye 6.5 times length of temple; ocellus large; OOL=0.7 times OD; length of malar space of female 0.3 times height; surroundings of veins 1-M and 1-SR of fore wing more or less infuscated (Fig. 261a); antennal segments of female 45-50, of male 48-53; body yellow |
Aleiodes (Aleiodes) seriatus (Herrich-Schäffer) |
| b. |
In dorsal view, temple moderately to slightly narrowed behind eyes (Figs 254c, 257c, 236e), length of eye less than 3.0 times length of temple; ocellus usually smaller; OOL more than 0.8 times OD; length of malar space of female 0.3-0.4 times height; surroundings of veins 1-M and 1-SR of fore wing not infuscated (Figs 254g, 257a, 258i); antennal segments of female 28-49, of male 33-46; body variable |
8 |
| 8a. |
Temple rather wide, in lateral view, its width near middle of eye 0.7-0.8 times transverse diameter of eye; occipital carina straight in lateral view; hind femur of female slender, its length 4.9-6.2 times its width; ocelli small, OOL 1.0-1.6 times OD (258e); pterostigma of female usually largely yellowish; antennal segments of female 39-44, of male 40-45; length of second tergite as long as its basal width (Fig. 258b); second submarginal cell of fore wing rather narrow (Fig. 258i); precoxal sulcus usually with some rugae |
Aleiodes (Aleiodes) myrthinae Chen & He |
| b. |
Temple rather narrow, in lateral view, its width near middle of eye less than 0.6 times transverse diameter of eye; occipital carina slightly curved in lateral view (Fig. 254c); hind femur of female comparatively robust, its length 3.9-5.1 times its width, if more than 5.0 times then OOL less than 0.8 times OD; ocelli medium-sized, OOL of female 0.3-1.0 times OD; pterostigma of female partly conspicuous dark brown; other characters variable |
9 |
| 9a. |
Antennal segments of female 41-44, of male 40-44; propodeum at least partly rugose; pterostigma of female dark brown, of male yellow; body reddish yellow; sometimes propodeum and first metasomal tergite brownish; length of body 5-6 mm |
Aleiodes (Aleiodes) drymonome (Watanabe) |
| b. |
Antennal segments of female 27-37, of male 32-39; propodeum largely coriaceous or only rugulose; pterostigma of female and male unicoloured; colour of body variable |
10 |
| 10a. |
Metasoma distinctly compressed apically (Fig. 255c); in dorsal view, length of eye 3.0-3.2 times temple; vertex finely rugose; length of body 3.2-4.7 mm |
Aleiodes (Aleiodes) earisa Chen & He |
| b. |
Metasoma depressed apically (Fig. 257f); in dorsal view, length of eye less than 3.0 times temple; vertex nearly smooth; antennal segments of female 33-39, of male 33-41 |
Aleiodes (Aleiodes) gastritor (Thunberg) |
| 11a. |
Vein 1-CU1 of fore wing subequal to vein 2-CU1 (Fig. 263a); third tergite strongly convex apically, fourth and following metasomal segments retracted under third tergite (Fig. 263d) |
Aleiodes (Chelonorhogas) convexus van Achterberg |
| b. |
Vein 1-CU1 of fore wing shorter than vein 2-CU1 (Figs 262c, 264d); third tergite transverse apically, fourth and following metasomal segments normal not retracted under third tergite (Figs 262a, 264a) |
12 |
| 12a. |
Antenna medially with yellowish white segments, like a ring (Fig. 264e); second-fourth segments of hind tarsus yellowish white; tarsal claws simple (Fig. 264h); vein 1-CU1 of fore wing slightly shorter than vein 2-CU1 (Fig. 264d) |
Aleiodes (Chelonorhogas) coronarius Chen & He |
| b. |
Antenna without yellowish white segments, at most paler basally or apically; tarsal claws pecten (Fig. 262d); vein 1-CU1 of fore wing distinctly shorter than vein 2-CU1 (Fig. 262c) |
Aleiodes (Chelonorhogas) cariniventris (Enderlein) |
251. Aleiodes (Aleiodes) albigenu Chen & He, 1997 (Figs 251 a-b)
Aleiodes albigenu Chen & He, 1997. Zool. Verh. Leiden, 308: 44.
NE. Vietnam: Ha Giang (Vi Xuyen), Thai Nguyen (Dai Tu); NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Yen Thuy).
252. Aleiodes bachma (Long, 2008) (Figs 252 a-j)
Vietorogas bachma Long, 2008. Zool. Med. Leiden 82 (32): 314.
NC. Vietnam: Thua Thien-Hue (Phong Dien, Bach Ma NP).
253. Aleiodes abditivus (Long & van Achterberg, 2008) (Figs 253 a-g)
Vietorogas abditivus Long & van Achterberg, 2008. Zool. Med. Leiden 82 (32): 316.
S. Vietnam: Tay Ninh (Tan Bien, Lo Go-Xa Mat NP).
254. Aleiodes (Aleiodes) drymoniae (Watanabe, 1937) (Figs 254 a-i)
Rhogas drymoniae Watanabe, 1937. J. Faculty of Agri., Hokkaido (Imp.) Univ., 42: 61.
NE. Vietnam: Ha Giang (Vi Xuyen).
255. Aleiodes (Aleiodes) earias Chen & He, 1997 (Figs 255 a-c)
Aleiodes earias Chen & He, 1997. Zool. Verh. Leiden, 308: 48.
Biology: hosts Earias cupreoviridis (Walker); Earias fabia Stoll; Earias insulana (Boisduval) and Parnara guttata (Bremer & Grey).
NE. Vietnam: Hai Phong (Cat Ba NP).
256. Aleiodes (Aleiodes) excavatua (Telenga, 1941) (Figs 256 a-d)
Heterogamus excavatua Telenga, 1941. Fauna USSR. Hymenoptera. 5(3): 132-133.
NE. Vietnam: Ninh Binh (Cuc Phuong NP).
257. Aleiodes (Aleiodes) gastritor (Thunberg, 1822) (Figs 257 a-f)
Ichneumon gastritor Thunberg, 1822. Mém. Acad. Im. Sci. Saint Petersbourg. 9: 260.
Biology: hosts genera Plathypena, Plusia và Phthonandria.
NE. Vietnam: Ninh Binh (Cuc Phuong NP); NW. Vietnam: Son La (Moc Chau), Lao Cai (Sapa).
258. Aleiodes (Aleiodes) mythimnae He & Chen, 1988 (Figs 258 a-i)
Aleiodes mythimnae He & Chen, 1988. Acta Agric. Univ. Zhejiangensis 14(4): 354, 358.
Biology: host Mythimna spp.
NE. Vietnam: Ha Giang (Vi Xuyen), Ha Noi (Gia Lam); NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Yen Thuy, Mai Chau).
259. Aleiodes (Aleiodes) naevius Chen & He, 1997 (Figs 259 a-b)
Aleiodes (Aleiodes) naevius Chen & He, 1997. Zool. Verh. Leiden, 308: 55.
NE. Vietnam: Thai Nguyen (Dai Tu), Ha Noi (Thach That); NC. Vietnam: Ha Tinh (Huong Son).
260. Aleiodes (Aleiodes) narangae (Rohwer, 1934) (Figs 260 a-i)
Rhogas narangae Rohwer, 1934. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 36: 46.
Biology: host rice green semilooper Naranga aenescens.
NE. Vietnam: Hai Phong (Tien Lang).
261. Aleiodes (Aleiodes) seriatus (Herrich-Schaffer, 1838) (Figs 261 a-b)
Rogas seriatus (Herrich-Schaffer, 1838). Regensburg. Heft 156: 12.
NE. Vietnam: Ha Giang (Vi Xuyen), Thai Nguyen (Dai Tu), Ha Noi (Thach That), Ninh Binh (Cuc Phuong NP); NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Yen Thuy); NC. Vietnam: Ha Tinh (Huong Son), Thua Thien-Hue (Bach Ma NP).
262. Aleiodes (Chelonorhogas) cariniventris (Enderlein, 1912) (Figs 262 a-i)
Rogas cariniventris (Enderlein, 1912). Entomologische Mitteilungen.1: 257.
NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Yen Thuy).
263. Aleiodes (Chelonorhogas) convexus Achterberg, 1991 (Figs 263 a-d)
Aleiodes convexus van Achterberg, 1991. Zoo. Verh. Leiden 273: 25.
NE. Vietnam: Ha Giang (Yen Minh).
264. Aleiodes (Chelonorhogas) coronarius Chen & He, 1991 (Figs 264 a-b)
Aleiodes coronarius Chen & He, 1991. Entomotax. 13(1): 30, 33.
NE. Vietnam: Ha Giang (Vi Xuyen).
265. Aleiodes (Chelonorhogas) crassinervis Chen & He, 1997 (Figs 265 a-c)
Aleiodes crassinervis Chen & He, 1997. Zool. Verh. Leiden 308: 46.
NC. Vietnam: Quang Tri (Huong Hoa).
266. Aleiodes (Heterogamus) takasuae van Achterberg, 1985 (Figs 266 a-f)
Aleiodes (Heterogamus) takasuae van Achterberg, 1985. Zool. Med. Leiden. 59: 178-187.
NE. Vietnam: Ha Giang (Vi Xuyen).
Genus Canalirogas van Achterberg & Chen, 1996
Canalirogas van Achterberg & Chen, 1996: 63-64. Type-species (by original designation):
Canalirogas balgooyi van Achterberg & Chen, 1996 (examined; = C. spilontus (Cameron, 1905)).
Diagnosis. Vertex smooth; prepectal carina complete; tarsal claws simple; hind tibia with apical comb at inner side; dorsope present; second metasomal tergite without distinct medio-basal area; anterior half of fourth-fifth tergites usually (partly) obliquely striate; hypopygium of female distinctly convex ventrally and strongly enlarged; ovipositor sheath widened; ovipositor distinctly curved downwards.
Key to Vietnamese species of the genus Canalirogas van Achterberg & Chen
| 1a. |
Second metasomal tergite about twice as long as third tergite medially (Fig. 268e); mesosternum behind prepectal (= epicnemial) carina and mesopleuron medially dark brown or reddish brown |
Canalirogas cupchihuongensis Long & van Achterberg |
| b. |
Second tergite 1.5-1.8 times as long as third tergite medially (Fig. 274e); mesosternum (except more or less anteriorly) and mesopleuron medially yellowish-brown, pale yellow or ivory (Figs 269b, 270b, 272b) |
2 |
| 2a. |
Hind tarsus largely dark brown; first metasomal tergite hardly longer than wide apically and distinctly widened apically; hypopygium of female largely dark brown ventrally (Fig. 276e) |
Canalirogas vittatus Long & van Achterberg |
| b. |
Hind tarsus largely yellowish-brown (usually except dark brown or brown telotarsus; first tergite 1.2-2.1 times longer than wide apically and usually slightly widened or parallel-sided; hypopygium of female at least partly pale yellowish ventrally (Figs 274e, 275c), but intermediate in Canalirogas parallelus and Canalirogas vuquangensis (Figs 273d, 277g) |
3 |
| 3a. |
Basal third of vein SR of hind wing sclerotised and distinctly curved (Fig. 269e); hypopygium of female less convex baso-ventrally (Fig. 269c); clypeus flattened; ovipositor nearly straight (Fig. 269c); second metasomal tergite largely blackish or dark brown |
Canalirogas curvineris Long & van Achterberg |
| b. |
Basal third of vein SR of hind wing only pigmented and slightly curved (Figs 271f, 272f, 273c); hypopygium of female distinctly convex baso-ventrally (Figs 271d, 272d, 273d); clypeus convex or concave (Figs 271a, 272a, 273a); ovipositor distinctly curved; second metasomal tergite partly yellowish-brown or pale yellowish |
4 |
| 4a. |
First metasomal tergite gradually widened subapically, first tergite 1.2-1.3 times as long as apical width; outer side of hind femur pale yellowish, at most partly infuscate; hypopygium yellow or ivory ventrally (Fig. 271d, 272d) ovipositor rather slender |
5 |
| b. |
First tergite subparallel-sided, first tergite 1.4-1.9 times as long as apical width, if apically somewhat widened; outer side of hind femur usually partly distinctly infuscate, dark yellowish brown or dark brown; ovipositor less slender (Figs 267d) |
6 |
| 5a. |
Ocelli smaller (Fig. 271c), diameter of posterior ocellus of female 1.2-1.3 times POL; second segment of maxillary palp widened medially; hind femur about 6 times as long as wide and its outer side without infuscation; vertex partly and mesosternum pale brown; propodeum brown laterally; vein r of fore wing slender (Fig. 271e) |
Canalirogas hoabinhicus Long & van Achterberg |
| b. |
Ocelli larger (Fig. 270c), diameter of posterior ocellus of female about 2.3 times POL; second segment of maxillary palp normal medially; hind femur about 5 times as long as and its outer side partly infuscate; vertex and mesosternum pale yellowish; propodeum dark brown laterally (Fig. 270b); vein r of fore wing widened (Fig. 270e) |
Canalirogas eurycerus Long & van Achterberg |
| 6a. |
Apex of third tergite without medio-apical divergent striation; mesopleuron behind prepectal carina mainly brownish-yellow, without dark brown patch (Fig. 267b); hypopygium mainly ivory or somewhat pale yellow |
Canalirogas affinis Long & van Achterberg |
| b. |
Apex of third tergite with more or less medio-apical divergent striation; mesopleuron behind prepectal carina brownish yellow or dark brown (Figs 273c), if not so hypopygium dark brown basally (Fig. 277g) or first-second metasomal tergites largely dark brown |
7 |
| 7a. |
Propodeum entirely dark brown or black, without pale area medially; outer side of hind femur and of hind coxa yellow; side of pronotum dark brown dorsally (Fig. 273c) |
Canalirogas parallelus Long & van Achterberg |
| b. |
Propodeum with yellowish longitudinal area medially and remainder brown or dark brown; outer side of hind femur more or less dark brown subapically; colour of hind coxa variable; side of pronotum ivory or pale yellow dorsally |
8 |
| 8a. |
Clypeus shallowly concave medially and ventral rim differentiated and slightly protruding (Figs 274b, c); first metasomal tergite 1.7-1.9 times as long as wide apically and parallel-sided apically (Fig. 274e) |
Canalirogas roberti Long & van Achterberg |
| b. |
Clypeus flat medially or slightly convex and ventral rim absent (Figs 275a, 277a) |
9 |
| 9a. |
Third and fourth metasomal tergites with sub-transverse elements posteriorly; first tergite rather widened apically; diameter of posterior ocellus about 1.4 times OOL; occipital carina evenly concave (Fig. 272c) |
Canalirogas intermedius Long & van Achterberg |
| b. |
Third and fourth tergites without sub-transverse elements posteriorly and only obliquely striate; first tergite less widened apically; diameter of posterior ocellus usually 2-3 times OOL (Figs 275d, 276d); occipital carina deeply concave (Fig. 275b, 277c) |
10 |
| 10a. |
Area in front of prepectal carina pale yellow (Fig. 275e); face yellow sublaterally (Fig. 275a); ovipositor sheath largely yellowish brown and only apically darkened (Fig. 275c); temple narrow, eye in lateral view about 6 times as wide as temple (Fig. 275e) |
Canalirogas spilonomus (Cameron, 1905) |
| b. |
Area in front of prepectal carina dark brown (Fig. 277d); head brown sublaterally (Fig. 277a); ovipositor sheath largely dark brown (Fig. 277g); temple somewhat wider, eye in lateral view about 4.4 times as wide as temple (Fig. 277d) |
Canalirogas vuquangensis Long & van Achterberg |
267. Canalirogas affinis Long & van Achterberg, 2015 (Figs 267 a-e)
Canalirogas affinis Long & van Achterberg, 2015. ZooKeys, 506: 31.
NW. Vietnam: Phu Tho (Tan Son).
268. Canalirogas cucphuongensis Long & van Achterberg, 2015 (Figs 268 a-e)
Canalirogas cucphuongensis Long & van Achterberg, 2015. ZooKeys, 506: 31.
NE. Vietnam: Ninh Binh (Cuc Phuong NP); NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Yen Thuy).
269. Canalirogas curvinervis Long & van Achterberg, 2015 (Figs 269 a-e)
Canalirogas curvinervis Long & van Achterberg, 2015. ZooKeys, 506: 31.
NE. Vietnam: Vinh Phuc (Tam Dao NP); NW Vietnam: Phu Tho (Viet Tri, Thanh Son); NC Vietnam: Ha Tinh (Vu Quang NP), Thua Thien-Hue (Phong Dien); S. Vietnam: Dong Nai (Cat Tien NP).
270. Canalirogas eurycerus Long & van Achterberg, 2015 (Figs 270 a-e)
Canalirogas eurycerus Long & van Achterberg, 2015. ZooKeys, 506: 31.
NW. Vietnam: Phu Tho (Tan Son); NC. Vietnam: Ha Tinh (Huong Son), Thua Thien-Hue (Nam Dong).
271. Canalirogas hoabinhiucus Long & van Achterberg, 2015 (Figs 271 a-f)
Canalirogas hoabinhiucus Long & van Achterberg, 2015. ZooKeys, 506: 31.
NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Mai Chau, Yen Thuy).
272. Canalirogas intermedius Long & van Achterberg, 2015 (Figs 272 a-f)
Canalirogas intermedius Long & van Achterberg, 2015. ZooKeys, 506: 31.
NC. Vietnam: Thua Thien-Hue (Bach Ma NP).
273. Canalirogas parallelus Long & van Achterberg, 2015 (Figs 273 a-e)
Canalirogas parallelus Long & van Achterberg, 2015. ZooKeys, 506: 31.
NE. Vietnam: Ha Giang (Vi Xuyen); S. Vietnam: Kon Tum (Chu Mom Ray).
274. Canalirogas roberti Long & van Achterberg, 2015 (Figs 274 a-g)
Canalirogas roberti Long & van Achterberg, 2015. ZooKeys, 506: 31.
S. Vietnam: Dong Nai (Cat Tien NP).
275. Canalirogas spilontus (Cameron, 1905) (Figs 275 a-f)
Canalirogas spilontus (Cameron, 1905).
Troporhogas spilontus Cameron, 1905: 93. Lectotype female (BMNH: Hym. Type 3c.222 from Sri Lanka) examined and here designated.
Canalirogas spilontus Quicke & Shaw, 2005: 3531.
Canalirogas balgooyi van Achterberg & Chen, 1996: 70-73
Canalirogas spilontus (Cameron, 1905). Long & van Achterberg, 2015: 51
NE. Vietnam: Ha Giang (Vi Xuyen), Vinh Phuc (Me Linh, Tam Dao), Ninh Binh (Cuc Phuong NP); NW. Vietnam: Phu Tho (Tan Son), Hoa Binh (Mai Chau, Yen Thuy); NC. Vietnam: Ha Tinh (Huong Son); S. Vietnam: Dong Nai (Cat Tien NP). China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka.
276. Canalirogas vittatus Long & van Achterberg, 2015 (Figs 276 a-f)
Canalirogas vittatus Long & van Achterberg, 2015. ZooKeys, 506: 31.
NE. Vietnam: Ninh Binh (Cuc Phuong NP).
277. Canalirogas vuquangensis Long & van Achterberg, 2015 (Figs 277 a-g)
Canalirogas vuquangensis Long & van Achterberg, 2015. ZooKeys, 506: 31.
NC. Vietnam: Ha Tinh (Huong Son, Vu Quang NP).
Genus Conspinaria Shulz, 1906
Conspinaria Shulz, 1906. SpoliaHym.: 139.
Key to species of the genus Conspinaria Schulz from Vietnam
| 1a. |
Apical half of pterostigma largely blackish or dark brown; apical quarter of hind tibia dark brown; vein 1-SR of fore wing rather long compared to apical part of parastigma (Fig. 279f); vein r of fore wing arising from basal 0.40 of pterostigma (Fig. 279f); apical quarter of fore wing dark brown and contrasting with yellowish middle part |
Conspinaria nigropotiga Long & van Achterberg |
| b. |
Apical half of pterostigma yellow; apical quarter of hind tibia usually yellowish-brown; if dark brown then vein 1-SR equal or shorter than apical part of parastigma (Figs 278k, 280h, 281g); vein r of fore wing arising from basal 0.44-0.50 of pterostigma (Fig. 280e) |
2 |
| 2a. |
Apical quarter of fore wing dark brown and contrasting with yellowish middle part; vein 1-SR of fore wing about half as long as apical part of parastigma (Fig. 280h); apical third of hind tibia blackish or dark brown |
Conspinaria pumatica Long & van Achterberg 2008 |
| b. |
Apical quarter of fore wing yellowish, similar to middle part; vein 1-SR of fore wing about as long as apical part of parastigma or longer (Figs 278k, 281g), but about 0.6 times as long in C. chenhei; apical third of hind tibia yellowish-brown or slightly infuscate |
3 |
| Note: If the second metasomal suture is narrow, vein 1-SR of the fore wing about 0.6 times as long as the apical part of the parastigma and vein 1r-m of the hind wing about 2.5 times as long as vein SC+R1, cf. C. chenhei van Achterberg, 2007 [= flava auctt.]. This species is not yet recorded from Vietnam but likely will be found in future. |
| 3a. |
Vein 1r-m of hind wing about as long as vein 1-M (Fig. 281e); hind telotarsus comparatively robust (Fig. 281f); middle lobe of mesonotum with a short wide groove medio-posteriorly (Fig. 281b); vein r of fore wing arising from basal 0.45 of pterostigma (Fig. 281d); hind wing about 4.0 times as long as its maximum width |
Conspinaria similis Long & van Achterberg |
| b. |
Vein 1r-m of hind wing about 1.2 times as long as vein 1-M (13:11) (Fig. 278j); hind telotarsus slender (Fig. 278f); middle lobe of mesonotum without a distinct groove medio-posteriorly (Fig. 278b); vein r of fore wing arising from middle of pterostigma (Fig. 278i); hind wing about 4.5 times as long as its maximum width |
Conspinaria huongsonensis Long & van Achterberg |
278. Conspinaria huongsonensis Long & van Achterberg, 2008 (Figs 278 a-k)
Conspinaria huongsonensis Long & van Achterberg, 2008. Zool. Med. Leiden, 81(31): 304.
NC. Vietnam: Ha Tinh (Huong Son).
279. Conspinaria nigroapicalis Long & van Achterberg, 2008 (Figs 279 a-h)
Conspinaria nigroapicalis Long & van Achterberg, 2008. Zool. Med. Leiden, 82(31): 306.
NE. Vietnam: Ninh Binh (Cuc Phuong NP).
280. Conspinaria pumatica Long & van Achterberg, 2008 (Figs 280 a-j)
Conspinaria pumatica Long & van Achterberg, 2008. Zool. Med. Leiden, 82(31): 308.
NC. Vietnam: Nghe An (Tuong Duong, Pu Mat NP).
281. Conspinaria similis Long & van Achterberg, 2008 (Figs 281 a-j)
Conspinaria similis Long & van Achterberg, 2008. Zool. Med. Leiden, 82(31): 310.
NE. Vietnam: Thai Nguyen (Vo Nhai, Than Sa).
Genus Cornutorogas Chen, Belokobylskij, van Achterberg & Whitfield, 2004
Cornutorogas Chen, Belokobylskij, van Achterberg & Whitfield, 2004. Journal of Natural History, 38: 2212.
Key to species of Cornutorogas Chen, Belokobylskij, van Achterberg & Whitfield from Vietnam
| 1a. |
Mesoscutum black; antenna of female with 11-17 white segments; eye medium-sized; head less widened dorsally in anterior view (Figs 284b, 285c, 286c); color of scutellum variable, if yellowish brown then usually metasoma completely yellowish brown |
2 |
| b. |
Mesoscutum orange red; antenna of female with about 25 white segments; eye large (Fig. 282b); head more widened dorsally in anterior view, subtriangular (Fig. 282a) color of scutellum yellowish brown; metasoma partly infuscate; [antenna of male with about 5 white segments; hind tibial spurs of female acute apically] |
Cornutorogas aurantius van Achterberg |
| 2a. |
Length of fore wing about 3.3 mm, of body 3.2-3.7 mm; convexity of pronotum small in lateral view (Fig. 284b); fifth metasomal tergite coarsely punctate-striate; [antenna of male entirely brown, without white segments; mesopleuron largely smooth ventrally, putate-crenulate dorsally, punctate or finely punctate medially; medially precoxal sulcus rather deep and strongly carinate (Fig. 284d) and propodeum irregularly rugose] |
Cornutorogas hatinhensis Long & van Achterberg |
| b. |
Length of fore wing 3.8-4.8 mm, of body 4.8-6.0 mm; convexity of pronotum medium-sized in lateral view (Figs 285f); fifth metasomal tergite coarsely striate or discretely punctate |
3 |
| 3a. |
Mesopleuron reddish yellow or darkened posteriorly; pronotum wider in lateral view (Fig. 285f) and slightly more slender in dorsal view (Fig. 285u); fifth metasomal tergite coarsely punctate rugose; [antenna of male with 6-9 white segments; hind tibial spurs of male rather acute apically] |
Cornutorogas orientalis Chen & Belokobylskij |
| b. |
Fifth metasomal tergite striate rugose mixed with shallow punctures; pronotum long and less robust laterally (Fig. 286b); precoxal sulcus flat with sparse and short carina; first and second tergites reddish yellow laterally; [first tergite rather widened beside dorsop; fourth tergite distinctly punctate; metapleuron largely smooth; propodeum irregularly rugose (and apically rugose-areolate); antenna of male with about 11 white segments; hind tibial spurs of male truncate apically] |
Cornutorogas similis Long & van Achterberg |
282. Cornutorogas aurantius van Achterberg, 2008 (Figs 282 a-f)
Cornutorogas aurantius van Achterberg, 2008. Zool. Med. Leiden, 82(32): 318.
S. Vietnam: Dak Lak (Chu Yang Sin), Dong Nai (Cat Tien NP).
283. Cornutorogas hatinhensis Long & van Achterberg, 2008 (Figs 283 a-e)
Cornutorogas hatinhensis Long & van Achterberg, 2008. Zool. Med. Leiden, 82(32): 319.
NC. Vietnam: Ha Tinh (Huong Son); S. Vietnam: Dak Lak (Chu Yang Sin).
284. Cornutorogas hoabinhicus Long & van Achterberg, 2008 (Figs 284 a-g)
Cornutorogas hoabinhicus Long & van Achterberg, 2008. Zool. Med. Leiden, 82(32): 321.
NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Yen Thuy).
285. Cornutorogas orientalis Chen & Belokobylskij, 2004 (Figs 285 a-u)
Cornutorogas orientalis Chen & Belokobylskij, 2004. Journal of Natural History. 38: 2217.
NE. Vietnam: Ha Giang (Vi Xuyen, Tay Con Linh), Ninh Binh (Cuc Phuong NP); NC. Vietnam: Ha Tinh (Huong Son).
286. Cornutorogas similis Long, 2008 (Figs 286 a-h)
Cornutorogas similis Long, 2008. Zool. Med. Leiden, 82(32): 322.
NC. Vietnam: Thua Thien-Hue (Bach Ma NP).
Genus Iporhogas Granger, 1949
Iporhogas Granger, 1949. Mem. Inst. Sci. Madagascar 2(A): 167.
Typ-species: (by monotypy): Iporhogas infuscaitpennis Granger, 1949
Key to species of the genus Iporhogas from Vietnam
| 1a. |
Tarsal claws simple, without lobe (Fig. 289d) |
2 |
| b. |
Tarsal claws with large acute lobe (Fig. 288d) |
3 |
| 2a. |
Occipital carina in dorsal view angularly concave; propodeum with small triangular areola without basal carina (Fig. 290c); vein 1-SC+R of hind wing almost straight apically (Fig. 290g); vein 2-SC+R of hind wing quadrate (Fig. 290g) |
Iporhogas simulatus Long |
| b. |
Occipital carina in dorsal view roundly concave (Fig. 289a); propodeum with basal carina without areola; vein 1-SC+R of hind wing distinctly curved apically (Fig. 289a); vein 2-SC+R of hind wing subquadrate, swollen apically (Fig. 289c) |
Iporhogas guangxiensis Chen & He |
| 3a. |
Occipital carina in dorsal view slightly concave (Fig. 287a); vein 1-CU1 of fore wing near quadrate (Fig. 287f); two basal metasomal tergites black medially (Fig. 287e) |
Iporhogas albitelaralis Long |
| b. |
Occipital carina in dorsal view deeply concave (Figs 288a, 291a); vein 1-CU1 of fore wing transverse; first metasomal tergite white or black basally; second tergite black apically (Figs 288c, 291c) |
4 |
| 4a. |
Propodeum reddish yellow (Fig. 291e); precoxal sulcus shallow short and shallow, punctate (Fig. 291b); ocelli rather large, distance between front and posterior ocelli 0.4 times as long as diameter of ocellus (Fig. 291a) |
Iporhogas tricoloratus Long |
| b. |
Propodeum black (Figs 288b); precoxal sulcus wide, distinctly crenulate (Fig. 288f); ocelli smaller, distance between front and posterior ocelli as long as diameter of ocellus (Fig. 288a) |
Iporhogas contrastus Long |
287. Iporhogas albibateralils Long, 2014 (Figs 287 a-e)
Iporhogas albibateralils Long, 2014. Zookeys 428: 82.
NE. Vietnam: Vinh Phuc (Tam Dao NP); NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Yen Thuy); S. Vietnam: Kien Giang (Phu Quoc Is.).
288. Iporhogas contrastus Long, 2014 (Figs 288 a-f)
Iporhogas contrastus Long, 2014. Zookeys 428: 86.
NW. Vietnam: Lai Chau (Tam Duong), Hoa Binh (Mai Chau); NC. Vietnam: Ha Tinh (Huong Son).
289. Iporhogas guangxiensis Chen & He, 1997 (Figs 289 a-d)
Iporhogas guangxiensis Chen & He, 1997.
NE. Vietnam: Ha Giang (Vi Xuyen); NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Yen Thuy).
290. Iporhogas simulatus Long, 2014 (Figs 290 a-g)
Iporhogas simulatus Long, 2014. Zookeys 428: 88.
NC. Vietnam: Thua Thien-Hue (A Luoi).
291. Iporhogas tricoloratus Long, 2014 (Figs 291 a-e)
Iporhogas tricoloratus Long, 2014. Zookeys 428: 90.
NW. Vietnam: Lai Chau (Tam Duong), Phu Tho (Xuan Son), Hoa Binh (Yen Thuy); NE. Vietnam: Ha Giang (Vi Xuyen), Vinh Phuc (Tam Dao NP); NC. Vietnam: Quang Binh (Xuan Trach).
Genus Spinaria Brullé, 1846
Spinaria Brullé, 1846. Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., 4: 512.
Key to species of the genus Spinaria Brullé from Vietnam
| 1a. |
Metasoma pale yellowish to yellowish-brown dorsally; apical third of pterostigma more or less infuscate, sometimes most of pterostigma infuscate and only its base yellow; medio-posterior tubercle of fourth tergite hardly protruding posteriorly |
Spinaria spinator (Guérin-Méneville) |
| b. |
Metasoma at least partly dark brown or black dorsally; colour of apical third of pterostigma and shape of medio-posterior tubercle of fourth tergite variable |
2 |
| 2a. |
First metasomal tergite completely yellowish-brown; hind femur and tibia yellowish; second and third tergite light or dirty brown medially |
3 |
| b. |
First tergite with blackish or black patch; if patch is reduced or absent then hind femur and tibia largely dark brown; second and third tergite black or blackish medially |
5 |
| 3a. |
Precoxal sulcus distinctly densely punctate; basal half of vein 3-CU1 of fore wing yellow |
Spinaria similis Long & van Achterberg |
| b. |
Precoxal sulcus distinctly crenulate; basal half of vein 3-CU1 of fore wing dark brown |
4 |
| 4a. |
Apical third of fore wing infuscate; latero-basal areas of propodeum largely smooth; propodeum brownish-yellow |
Spinaria truongsonensis Long & van Achterberg |
| b. |
Apical third of fore wing pale yellowish; latero-basal areas of propodeum coarsely granulate; propodeum more or less dark brown |
Spinaria bachmaana Long & van Achterberg |
| 5a. |
Antenna yellowish-brown; membrane of fore wing yellowish apically; parastigma, veins 1-SR and apex of 3-CU1 brownish |
Spinaria fulvicornis Long & van Achterberg |
| b. |
Antenna largely black or nearly so; membrane of fore wing infuscate apically; parastigma, veins 1-SR and apex of 3-CU1 dark brown |
6 |
| 6a. |
Dark patch of second metasomal tergite parallel-sided or nearly so; third tergite besides median tubercle with shallow transverse depression; hind tarsus brown |
Spinaria albiventris Cameron |
| b. |
Dark patch of second tergite distinctly narrowed posteriorly, sometimes tergite pale yellowish posteriorly; third tergite besides median tubercle flat or nearly so; hind tarsus black or blackish |
Spinaria vietnamica Long & van Achterberg |
292. Spinaria albiventris Cameron, 1899 (Figs 292 a-j)
Spinaria albiventris Cameron, 1899. Mem. Proc. Man. Lit. Phil. Soc. 43(3):1-220.
NE. Vietnam: Ha Noi (Ba Vi NP); NW. Vietnam: Phu Tho (Xuan Son NP), Hoa Binh (Mai Chau, Yen Thuy); NC. Vietnam: Nghe An (Con Cuong, Tuong Duong, Pu Mat NP), Ha Tinh (Huong Son); S. Vietnam: Kon Tum (Dak Glei).
293. Spinaria bachma Long & van Achterberg, 2007 (Figs 293 a-j)
Spinaria bachma Long & van Achterberg, 2007. Zool. Med. Leiden 81(1): 164.
NC. Vietnam: Thua Thien-Hue (Bach Ma NP).
294. Spinaria fulvicornis Long & van Achterberg, 2007 (Figs 294 a-j)
Spinaria fulvicornis Long & van Achterberg, 2007. Zool. Med. Leiden, 81(1): 164.
NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Yen Thuy).
295. Spinaria similis Long & van Achterberg, 2007 (Figs 295 a-i)
Spinaria similis Long & van Achterberg, 2007. Zool. Med. Leiden 81(1): 167.
NC. Vietnam: Thua Thien-Hue (Bach Ma NP).
296. Spinaria spinator (Guérin-Méneville, 1830) (Figs 296 a-i)
Bracon spinator Guérin-Méneville, 1830. In Duperey, L. I. "Voyage autour du Monde sur la Corvette La Coquille, Atlas, Zool." 2(2): 197-200.
NE. Vietnam: Phu Tho (Xuan Son NP); NW. Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Yen Thuy).
297. Spinaria truongsonensis Long & van Achterberg, 2007 (Figs 297 a-f)
Spinaria truongsonensis Long & van Achterberg, 2007. Zool. Med. Leiden, 81(1): 169.
NC. Vietnam: Nghe An (Con Cuong, Pu Mat NP), Ha Tinh (Huong Son).
298. Spinaria vietnamica Long & van Achterberg, 2007 (Figs 298 a-h)
Spinaria vietnamica Long & van Achterberg, 2007. Zool. Med. Leiden, 81(1): 171.
NE. Vietnam: Vinh Phuc (Me Linh, Tam Dao NP), Ninh Binh (Cuc Phuong NP); NC. Vietnam: Nghe An (Con Cuong, Pu Mat NP).
