FAUNA OF VIETNAM, 28

IDENTIFICATION OF MARINE FISHES OF THE VIETNAM SEA

Key to families of the suborder Blennioidei

1a.	No ctenoid scales, have cycloid scales exist or not, gillmembrane separated or connected with isthmus, 1-2 dorsal fins, number of fin rays more than spines	2
b.	Ctenoid scales or cycloid scales, gillmembrane connected and free from isthmus, 1-2 dorsal fins, number of fin rays less than spines	Tripterygiidae
2a.	With ventral fins, 1-2 dorsal fins, spines developed or not, single fin often separated.	Blenniidae
b.	Without ventral fins, 1 spine on dorsal fins or absent, single fin connected together.	Congrogadidae

Key to tribe of the family Blenniidae

1a.	Dorsal fin has not notched of D.15-129, A.1-3, C.10-11, V.1-3; gill opening small, is not passed the upper margin of pectoral base	Nemophini
b.	Dorsal fin has or not notched; D.10-26 fin rays. Caudal fin ray is not segmented or not V.1-2,1-4; gill opening is large or narrow, limited by the lower margin of pectoral base	2
2a.	Pectoral fin has no notched; P.10-24. Caudal fin ray is not segmented: V.1-3,1-4; gill aperture is narrow, limited by the upper margin of pectoral base	Omobrachini
b.	Pectoral fin has no notched; P.10-24. Caudal ray has or not segmented; V.1-2,1-4; gill aperture is large, limited by the lower margin of pectoral base	Salarini

Key to genera of Nemophini

1a.	Body greatly long, depth 38 to 50 in SL; the beginning of dorsal fin at the top of head; Caudal has pointed shape	Xiphiasia
b.	Body long; depth 4 to 19 in SL; the beginning of dorsal fin is behind the top of head; Caudal forked, rounded and truncate	2
2a.	Caudal fin forked, 2 lobes elongate, become 2 filaments; D.68-70, A.55-58	Lembeichthys
b.	Caudal fin forked, rounded; D < 30, A < 2	3
3a.	Without dentary canines with a deep groove along anterior surface and venom gland at base	Meiacanthus
b.	Without dentary canines with a deep groove along anterior surface and venom gland at base	4
4a.	L1. absent. Snout is pyramid shape and formed by meat	Plagiotremus
b.	L1. present. Snout is not pyramid shape and formed by meat	5
5a.	Lower margin of gill opening entirely above pectoral base, dorsal and anal fin have 14-21 fin rays; barbel present or absent	Petroscirtes
b.	Lower margin of gill opening distinctly below level of upper pectoral base; barbel absent	Aspidontus

Key to genera of Petroscirtes

1a.	Spines 1-3 of dorsal fin elongated than afterwards spines; D 25-26; A 16-17; body side has 5-6 cross lines	P. mitratus
b.	Spines 1-3 of dorsal fin are not elongated; D 30-40; A 15-29; body side has 3-5 horizontal lines	2
2a.	D 37-38; A 21-29; body side has 5 horizontal lines	P. variabilis
b.	D 30-32; A 14-15; body side has 2-3 horizontal lines and several cross lines	P. temmincki

Key to genera of Salariini

1a.	Head with the crest	Istiblennius
b.	Head without the crest	2
2a.	Teeth can move or not; Dorsal has notched, terminal array free from peduncle by membrane	2
b.	Teeth can move, unbranched dorsal not notched, terminal anal ray partially bound to peduncle by membrane	Salarias
3a.	Nuchal cirri present or absent; Caudal fin ray unbranched or not	3
b.	Nuchal cirri absent on nape; Caudal fin ray unbranched	Ecseius
4a.	Posterior of lower lip is not changed into adhesive disk by meat having funnel form	5
b.	Posterior of lower lip changed into adhesive disk by meat having funnel form	Andamia
5a.	Skin beard not branched to feather form	6
b.	Skin beard branched to feather form	Entomacrotus
6a.	There are 12-13 dorsal fin segmented, presence of canine tooth on lower jaw	Exallias
b.	There are 14-16 dorsal fin segmented, absence of canine tooth on lower jaw	Cirripectes

Key to species of genus Entomacrodus

1a.	Present of crest on top of head	E. stelliferi lighti
b.	Absent of crest on top of head	2
2a.	Edge of upper lip is not crenulate	3
b.	The upper and lower lip crenulate	4
3a.	V.I.4; Cirri situated above the eye branch into feather form	E. decussatus
b.	V.I.2; Cirri situated above the eye have no feather form	E. thalassinus
4a.	Depth 6 to 6.4 in SL; black stripes absent on base pectoral	E. strialus
b.	Depth 4.9 to 5.3 in SL; black stripes present on pectoral base	E. vermiculatus

Key to species of genus Istiblennius

1a.	Depth 6.0 to 6.4 in SL; 8 black stripes on side of body	I. bilitonensis
b.	Depth < 6 in SL; no 8 black stripes on side of body	2
2a.	Absent of small teeth or nodules on upper and lower lip	3
b.	Upper and lower lip smooth. Depth 4.7 to 4.8 in SL	I. edentulus
3a.	Red spot on head present on nucha, a small skin fold or barbel. Depth 4.4 to 5.3 in SL	I. chrysospilos
b.	Red spot on head absent, nuchal tentacle a developed cirri. Depth 4.4 to 5.3 in SL	I. dussumieri

Key to species of genus Salarias

1a.	Depth 3.5 to 4.0 in SL; D.XI; 19-20; Anal fin ray 3rd - 4th is not elongated	S. fasciatus
b.	Depth 4.7 to 5.0 in SL; D.XI; 17-18; Anal fin ray 3rd - 4th elongate; Lateral body has 8 brown stripes	S. guttatus

Key to genera of Echeneidae

1a.	Body elongated; pectoral fin pointed; peduncle cylindrical	Echeneis
b.	Body not elongated; pectoral fin round; peduncle flat	Remora

Key to species of genus Remora

1a.	13 pairs of cartilage pieces constitute the sucking disc, P.19; the length of anal fin is the same or more than the length of head	R. abbescens
b.	16 pairs of cartilage pieces constitute the sucking disc, P.23; the length of anal fin is 1.5-2 times in comparison with the length of head	2
2a.	A.25, P.23; the length of dorsal fin number 2 is 1/3 of head length	R. brachyptera
b.	A.22-23, P.26-31; the length of dorsal fin number 2 is 1/2 of head length	R. remora

Key to subfamilies of family Lethrinidae

1a.	Present scales on cheek; D.X.10; A.III 9-10; P.14; Snout acute and round	Monotaxinae
b.	Absent scales on cheek, smooth; D.X.9; A.III 8; P.14; Snout relatively elongate	Lethrininae

Key to species of genus Lethrinus

1a.	Absent of scales, on base of pectoral fin	2
b.	Present of scales on pectoral base	9
2a.	Depth 2,8 to 3,7 in SL	3
b.	Depth 2,8 in SL	6
3a.	The second spine of dorsal fin is longest, elongate look like thread	L. genivittatus
b.	The second spine of dorsal fin not elongated	4
4a.	Snout elongate and special pointed. The end of maxilla is situated far from the eye....	L. miniatus
b.	Snout not elongate. The end of maxilla is situated in same level or lower than the eye....	5
5a.	Depth 2,8 to 3 in SL. Body has many stripes	L. variegatus
b.	Depth 3,4 to 3,7 in SL. Body has many black spots	L. reticulatus
6a.	Scales have white spot or silver color	7
b.	Scales without silver color and white spots	8
7a.	Depth 2,66 to 2,80 in SL. Scales in dorsal body have white spots	L. lentjan
b.	Depth 2,59 to 2,61 in SL. In middle of scales have silver color	L. nebulosus
8a.	Depth 2,26 to 2,40 in SL. Body have several dark color stripes discontinued	L. haematopterus
b.	Depth 2,40 to 2,65 in SL. On side body have several dark color stripes go along the length body	L. obsoletus
9a.	Depth 2,66 to 2,85 in SL. On middle body behind gill aperture has a big black spot...	L. harak
b.	Depth 2,30 to 2,66 in SL	10
10a.	Depth 2,33 to 2,5 in SL. Absent of color spot or stripe on lateral body..	L. mahsena
b.	Present of color spots or stripes on lateral body	11
11a.	Depth 2,50 to 2,66 in SL. A big black spot and several discontinued stripes occur on lateral body	L. erythracanthus
b.	Depth 2,32 to 2,44 in SL; 6-7 color stripes occur on side body from the gill cover to caudal	L. omatus

Key to genera of subfamily Monotaxinae

1a.	On maxillary a serrate edge present	2
b.	On maxillary a serrate edge absent
2a.	Teeth of outer row is pointed	Gnathodentex
b.	Teeth of outer row is obtuse	Monotaxis
3a.	Scale on top of head absent	Gymocrannius
b.	Scale on top of head present	Pentapus

Key to species of genus Gymnocranius

1a.	Teeth conic; 4,5 rows of scale between the base of dorsal fin and lateral line; caudal lobes the rounded and obtusilobous	G. griseus
b.	Teeth obtuse; 5,5 rows of scale between the base of dorsal fin and lateral line; caudal fin lobes flated and deeply lunate	G. japonicus

Key to genera of family Sparidae

1a.	Hai bên hàm trên và hàm dưới không có răng cấm dạng cối, hàng bên ngoài răng tròn nhọn, hàm bên trong răng dạng hạt. Xương nắp mang trước có vảy	Dentex
b.	Present of acute backteeth on upper and lower jaw, round and pointed teeth on outer row, grain shape teeth on inner row. Absent of scale on cheek to praeopercular ridge	2
2a.	Body has red or pink color	3
b.	Body has blue, brow black or yellow silver	6
3a.	Dorsal spiny elongated into thread	4
b.	Dorsal spiny rays elongated	Pagrus
4a.	Elongated dorsal spiny, have the length is the same times of the head	Evynnis
b.	Elongated dorsal spiny, have the length is several times in comparing with the head	5
5a.	Two first of dorsal spiny are very short, two next ones elongated and have the length is 2 times in comparing with the head	Parargyrops
b.	One first of dorsal spiny is short, four next ones elongated and have the length is several times in comparing with the head (except A. spinifer)	Argyrops
6a.	A. 7-8. Lateral line: 43-45 scales. Vertebra: 9+15	Acanthopagrus
b.	A. 10-11. Lateral line: 55-67 scales. Vertebra: 10+14	Sparus

Key to species of genus Dentex

1a.	D. XII, 10; Ll.47-51; Scale on cheek 5-6 rows	2
b.	D.XII, 10; LI. 58-62; Scale on cheek 17-18 rows	D. peronii
2a.	L1. 47-50; Scale on cheek 6 rows; On lateral body has 3 yellow silver stripes	D. tumifrons
b.	L1. 49-51; Scale on cheek 5 rows; yellow silver stripes absent on body	D. spariformes

Key to species of genus Agryrops

1a.	Dorsal fin elongated into thread	A. bleekeri
b.	Dorsal fin is not elongated	A. spinifer

Key to species of genus Acanthopagrus

1a.	Two black spots on head side	A. bifasciatus
b.	On head side has no black spot	2
2a.	Depth 2,2 to 2,6 in SL; absent of radiation stripes around the eyes; absent of small front teeth on the margin of praeopercular	3
b.	Depth 3 in SL; present of radiation stripes around the eyes; present of small front teeth on the margin of praeopercular	A. australis
3a.	L.tr. 4-5/11-13	4
b.	L.tr. 4/14	A. schlegeli
4a.	A part below the single fins has yellow color	A. latus
b.	A part below the single fins has grey or black color	A. berd

Key to species of genus Sparus

1a.	P.12, A.l 1, L.1 53-57. Scale on cheek 5-6 rows	S. sarba
b.	P.13, A. 10, L.1 60. Scale on cheek 3 rows	S. macrocephalus

Key to genera of family Cepolidae

1a.	Denticulate on hindborder of praeoperculum absent. Dorsal fin rays branched, segmented	Cepola
b.	Denticulate on hindborder of praeoperculum absent. Dorsal fin rays are not branched or segmented	Acanthocepola

Key to species of genus Acanthocepola

1a.	Số tia vây lưng và vây hậu môn khoảng 70 cái trở lại. Có nhiều sọc ngang vắt qua thân màu vàng hoặc màu vàng da cam	A. abbreviata
b.	Dorsal and anus fins have > 72 fin rays. Absent of yellow transversal stripes on fish body	2
2a.	Black spot on part front of dorsal fin absent	A. krusenstemi
b.	Black spot on part front of dorsal fin present	3
3a.	p.101-104; Depth 13 in SL	A. limbata
b.	D.81-86; Depth 7 in SL	A. indica

Key to of family Cirrhitidae

1a.	P.10, A.7-8; Vert. 10+16	Cirrhitidae
b.	P.12, A.8-9; Vert > 10+16	Aplodactylidae

Key to genera of family Cirrhitidae

1a.	Ở má có vảy nhỏ, 20-30 hàng vảy	Cirrhitus
b.	Big scales on cheek, <10 rows of scale	2
2a.	Scales on interorbital space absent, <15 dorsal fin rays	Cirrhitichthys
b.	Scales on interorbital space present, >15 dorsal fin rays	3
3a.	Dorsal fin has 15 soft rays. Caudal lunate, 2 lobes elongate into thread	Cyprinocirrhites
b.	Dorsal fin has 10 soft rays. Caudal truncate the margin slightly convex	Paracirrhites

Key to species of genus Cirrhitus

1a.	Head 38% in SL, The length of head is 4,5-5 times in comparing with the diameter of eye. The margin of dorsal fin ray is convex	C. pinnulatus
b.	Head 36% in SL, The length of head is 3-3,5 times in comparing with the diameter of eye. The margin of dorsal fin ray is concave	C. marmoratus

Key to species of genus Cirrhitichthys

1a.	Body is yellow - orange, absent of spots or stripes	C. aureus
b.	Present of spots or brown stripes	C. aprinus

Key to species of genus Parapercis

1a.	The first dorsal fin has 4 spines	P. clathrata
b.	The first dorsal fin has 5 spines	2
2a.	Caudal fin cut short but round shape, the margin of pectoral fin is round	3
b.	Caudal fin has branched shape, the margin of pectoral fin is convex..	Parapercis sp.
3a.	The fin ray of the second fin is not elongated	4
b.	The fin ray of the second fin has 5-6 first fin rays elongated into thread	P. filamentosa
4a.	Teeth on palatines present	5
b.	Teeth on palatines absent	6
5a.	The lower jaw has 6 canine teeth. Many teeth on vomerine, occur into small group. On sides body has 7 large yellow edges	P. aurantiaca
b.	The lower jaw has 8 canine teeth. Only 1-2 teeth on vomerine, not into group. 4-5 black edges have the shape "" on sides body	P. sexfaciata
6a.	Teeth on vomerine absent	P. cylindrica
b.	Teeth on vomerine present	7
7a.	D.V.22; A.I.18; P.16	P. punctata
b.	D.V.21; A.I.17; P.17-20	8
8a.	9-11 diagonal yellow stripes on head and opercular present, yellow body	P. xanthozona
b.	Diagonal yellow stripes, but there are several variegated stripes absent	9
9a.	In middle of caudal fin has a rectangular black spot, present of 4-11 black spots occur near the base of pectoral fin	P. hexophthalma
b.	In middle of caudal fin has many white - black spot, absent of 4-11 black spots occur near the base of pectoral fin	P. pulchella

Key to genera of family Uranoscopidae

1a.	2 dorsal fin	Uranoscopus
b.	1 dorsal fin	2
2a.	A special skin membrane having a breast shape behind the shoulder present	Ichthyoscopus
b.	A special skin membrane having a blume shape behind the shoulder absent	Gnathagnus

Key to species of genus Uranoscopus

1a.	L.1. 73; Praeoperculum with 5-7 spines; A line of skin knot on brim lip absent	U. chinensis
b.	L.1. 70; Praeoperculum with 4 spines; A line of skin knot on brim lip present	2
2a.	Multicolor on fish body. L.1. 47-55	3
b.	Body is brown yellow; L.1. 46	U. tosae
3a.	2 big black stripes below of dorsal present; L.1. 52	U. bicinctus
b.	Big black stripes below of dorsal absent	4
4a.	Body has many brown green mixed with yellow spots make the net shape; L.1. 55; Praeoperculum with 4-5 spines	U. japonicus
b.	Body and head has net shape variegated brown color; L.1. 46-50; Praeoperculum with 3 spines	U. oligolepsis

Key to genera and subgenera of family Callionymidae

1a.	The first ray of ventral fin is not separated
b.	The first fin ray of ventral fin isolated as a finger. Gill aperture located on same level of anterior first dorsal fin	Dactylopus
2a.	The base of spine on praeoperculum has a small spine sharp and curved upward; 1-2 final fin ray of dorsal fin branched; Gill aperture located on anterior of the first dorsal fin	3
b.	The base of spine on praeoperculum has not a small sharp and curved spine. Fin ray of dorsal fin branched except the first fin ray; Gill aperture located outside of the first dorsal fin	Synchirops
3a.	The base of spine on praeoperculum curved upward; some big and sharp spines	Callionymus (Callionymus)
b.	The base of spine on praeoperculum is not curved upward; some small and sharp spines	Callionymus (Callionymus)

Key to species of subgenus Callionymus

1a.	Fin ray situated in middle of caudal elongated into filament	2
b.	Fin ray situated in middle of caudal not elongated into filament	3
2a.	There are 2 fin ray elongated; length of fish body is 7-10 times in comparing with the height	C. filamentosus
b.	There is 1 fin ray elongated; length of fish body is 7-13 times in comparing with the height	C. kaiamus
3a.	The first of dorsal has 3 hard spines; upper jaw is elongated	C. hindsi
b.	The first of dorsal has several hard spines; upper jaw elongated a little	4
4a.	The second dorsal has 8 fin rays; hook of male organ sex elongated	C. beniteguri
b.	The second dorsal has 9 fin rays; hook of male organ sex is not elongated	5
5a.	Fin ray of first of dorsal is not elongated (male)	8
b.	There are 1-4 fin rays of dorsal elongated (male)	6
6a.	There is 1 fin ray of first dorsal elongated	C. lunatus
b.	There are 3-4 fin rays of first dorsal elongated	7
7a.	There are 3 fin rays of first dorsal elongated	C. schaapi
b.	There are 4 fin rays of first dorsal elongated	C. vingis
8a.	16-18 pectoral fin rays	9
b.	19-20 pectoral fin rays	C. richardson
9a.	16 pectoral fin rays	C. fragris
b.	17-19 pectoral fin rays	10
10a.	The height of first dorsal fin is 2 times in comparing with the height body; the length of the first spine is the same of the distance between the end of mouth to eye.	C. valenciennei
b.	The height of first dorsal fin is the same of height body; the length of first spine is shorter than distance between the end of mouth to eye	C. curvicornis

Key to species of subgenus Calliurichthys

1a.	A 8; caudal fin has 7-8 brown cross lines; dorsal fin has 2 spines elongated into filament	C. japonicus
b.	A 9-10; caudal fin has 5-6 brown cross lines; dorsal fin has 3 spines elongated into filament	C. doryssus

Key to families of suborder Scombroidei

1a.	Upper jaw bone not yet combine with nose bone become long mouth as sword pattern. Pectoral fin located near the gill	2
b.	Upper jaw bone combine with nose bone become long mouth as sword pattern. Pectoral fin located far the gill	4
2a.	Fish body has banana flower shape. Caudal strongly develop. Present of keeted scutes on peduncle of caudal	Scombridae
b.	Fish body elongated. Absent of caudal or, if present, most of caudal bone will be clearly appear. Absent of keeted scutes on peduncle of caudal	3
3a.	Fish body elongated. Middle of dorsal lacking, caudal split into two but not too deep	Gempylidae
b.	Fish body very long. Dorsal continuously elongated, no lacking, caudal is very small or absent	Trichiuridae
4a.	Present of scales and ventrals. The length of mouth is shorter than 1/2 of length body	Istiophridae
b.	Smooth body, absent of scales and ventrals. The length of mouth is longer than 1/2 of length body	Xiphiidae

Key to genera of family Gempylidae

1a.	Fish body very long; length of fish body is 8-20 times in comparing with the height; absent of tooth on palate bone	2
b.	Fish body long; length of fish body is 5-7 times in comparing with the height; present of tooth on palate bone	3
2a.	Dorsal fin very long; there are 30 fin spines; ventrals not developed; only have one spine with 5 rays	Gempylus
b.	Dorsal fin is long; there are around 10-17 fin spines; ventral fins are degenerated or not developed	Thyrsitoides
3a.	There are 2 lateral mouldings; spine of ventral fins appear on juvenile fish	Rexea
b.	There are 1 lateral moulding; ventral fins have 2 small spines	4
4a.	Length of fish body is 4 times in comparing with the height. Dorsal XIII-XIV 16+2; Anal 2+15+2	Ruvettus
b.	Length of fish body is 6-7 times in comparing with the height. Dorsal XVII-XVIII 3+6+3; Anal 2+14+2	Promethichthys

Key to genera of family Trichiuridae

1a.	Body has caudal	2
b.	Body has no caudal	3
2a.	Branched caudal	Evoxymetopon
b.	Pointed caudal	Lepidopus
3a.	Head is protuberant	Tentoriceps
b.	Head is not protuberant	Trichiurus

Key to species of genus Trichiurus

1a.	Absent of ventrals, lateral line moulding curved to behind pectorals	2
b.	Ventrals degenerated into a scale form. Lateral line moulding is not curved to behind pectorals	T. mitucus
2a.	The first spine of anal developed a little big, surpassed a half of eye diameter; 5+7 gillrakers on lower branch of first branchial arch	T. savala
b.	The first spine of anal is very small; 8-13+17-26 gillrakers on lower branch of first branchial arch	T. haumela

Key to genera of family Istiophoridae

1a.	The height of the first dorsal fin is higher than the height of fish body. Ventral fin is very long up to anus	Istiophorus
b.	The height of the first dorsal fin is lower than the height of fish body. Ventral fin is short, not yet reach to anus	Makaira

Key to species of genus Makaira

1a.	Dorsal perpendicular to body. Body is indigo-blue, absent of white stripes	M. indica
b.	Dorsal is not perpendicular to body. Body is brown green, present of white stripes	M. mazara

Key to genera of family Terapontidae

1a.	Scale not silver color	2
b.	Scales silver color	Mesopristes
2a.	Teeth on outer row are not trisected; 3-4 longitudinal stripes on sides body	3
b.	Teeth on outer row are flat and trisected; 4-6 longitudinal stripes on sides body	Helotes
3a.	Teeth viliform on two jaws, the outer row is big	Terapon
b.	Teeth are small and flat, two rows on upper and lower jaw, teeth are brown and sharp	Pelates

Key to species of genus Terapon

1a.	Subgenus terapon has small scales, 13-16 scales on lateral line	2
b.	Subgenus Euterapon has big scales, 8-10 scales on lateral line. A color straight line goes along the body, from head to caudal	T. theraps
2a.	The height is less than the length of head; a black straight line goes along the body, some paralied lines go across eyes	T. puta
b.	The height is more than the length of head; a brown - black curvy line goes along the body	T. jarbua

Key to subgenera and species of genus Pelates

1a.	Subgenus Pelates, sp.br. 13-16+19-20; A.III.10; P.15 fin rays	P. quadrilineatus
b.	Subgenus Rhynchopelates, Sp.br. 8-9+15-16; A.III.10; P.15	P. oxyrhynchus

Key to species of genus Kulilia

1a.	L1. 53-56. Some big brown-black spots on body, present of 3 black tranversal stripes on tail	K. mugil
b.	L1. 36-43. Many big brown-black spots on body, absent of black tranversal stripes on tail	K. marginata

Key to genera of family Pomadasyidae

1a.	A deep slit at chin present	Pomadasys
b.	A deep slit at chin absent	2
2a.	Cluster of small barbal present; caudal rounded	Hapalogenys
b.	Cluster of small barbal absent; caudal truncate or forked	3
3a.	16-18+23-15 long gill rakers; 1 pair of hole at chin	Parapristipoma
b.	16-10+12-19 short gill rakers; 3 pairs of hole at chin	Plectorhynchus

Key to species of genus Pomadasys

1a.	The length of opercular is 1/2 the length of head; the end of posterior opercular is not at the middle of pectoral	2
b.	The end of opercular is less than 1/2 the length of head; the end of posterior opercular is at the middle of pectoral fin	P. quadrilineatus
2a.	Absent of spots or color stripes on body side; a big blue-black spot at operculare; caudal fin truncate	P. grunniens
b.	Present of many spots or color stripes on body side; absent of color spot at operculare; caudal forked	3
3a.	Grey-silver scales on fish body absent	4
b.	Grey-silver scales on fish body present	5
4a.	A big brown-black spot on dorsal present; side body has 4 big color and slanting stripes across the body	P. maculatus
b.	A big brown-black spot on dorsal absent; side body has 8-9 big color and discontinuous stripes	P. hasta
5a.	A blue stripe on opercular but not clear, 4-5 scales on lateral line, P.14	P. fucatus
b.	A color spot on opercular; 6-7 scales on lateral line,P.15-16	P. argenteus

Key to species of genus Hapalogenys

1a.	The third ray of dorsal is longer than the fourth one; present of transversal stripe on lateral body; on anterior of pectoral and anal have a black stripe	H. mucronatus
b.	The third ray of dorsal is longer than the fourth one; absent of transversal stripe on lateral body but has longitudinal and slanting stripes; on anterior of dorsal and anal have a black stripe	2
2a.	Absent of scales on maxilla; big eyes, their diameter is 1/4 times of head; on side body has dark brown longitudinal stripes	H. kishinouyei
b.	Scales on maxilla present; big eyes, their diameter is more than 1/4 times of head; on side body has 2 big slanting stripes	H. nigripinnis

Key to species of genus Plectorhinchus

1a.	50-75 scales on lateral line	2
b.	91-115 scales on lateral line, D.X-XI, 22-23	P. pictus
2a.	> 70 scales on lateral line	3
b.	70-75 scales on lateral line, D.XIII	P. celebicus
3a.	Body is not variegated color	4
b.	Color body is variegated look like a butterfly	P. chaetodonoides
4a.	D.X-XII	5
b.	D. XIV, L1.50	P. nigrus
5a.	P.15-17	6
b.	P.14, Ll.65-68	P. chrysotaenia
6a.	Fish body has a big color band or stripe	7
b.	3 black slanting stripes go across the body side	P. cinctus
7a.	Side body is brown-black, the color is not clear when juvenile	P. diagrammus
b.	6 black longitudinal stripes. 54-59 scales on lateral line	P. lineatus

Key to species of genus Pempheris

1a.	L1.70-75; 8 line; L.tr. 8/20-25	P. molucca
b.	L1.53-68; L.tr. 6-7/12-16	2
2a.	A black track on above the pectoral fin, body is dark brown; the edge of anal fin is grey	P. oualensis
b.	Above the pectoral fin has not a black track; body is pale brown; the edge of anal fin is dark black	P. vanicolensis

Key to families of suborder Stromateoidei

1a.	One base dorsal persists from the juvenile to adult. Ventral fin absent	Stromateidae
b.	Dorsal is not perpendicular to body. Body is brown green, present of white stripes	Nomeidae

Key to genera of family Stromateidae

1a.	Present of ventral in adult. There are some short spines on dorsal fin	Psenopsis
b.	Absent of ventral in adult. Absent of spines on dorsal fin	Pampus

Key to species of genera Pampus

1a.	The longest spine of anal gets over the base of caudal. The lower lobe of caudal fin is 1.7-1.8 times bigger than the upper one	P. nozawae
b.	The longest spine of anal not yet reach to the base of caudal. The lower lobe of caudal fin is 1.1-1.2 times bigger than the upper one	2
2a.	The anterior part of dorsal and anal is longer than the posterior part; Caudal forked	P. argenteus
b.	The length of anterior part and posterior part of dorsal and anal cannot be distinguished; Caudal lunate	P. chinensis

Key to genera of family Nomeidae

1a.	Scale on the anterior of head absent; depth 2-3 in SL	Psenes
b.	Scale on the anterior of head present; depth 3 in SL	Cubiceps

Key to families of order Ophidiiformes

1a.	Anus at middle of fish body. Scales present	Ophidiidae
b.	Anus near the head. Scales absent	Carapidae

Key to subfamilies of family Ophidiidae

1a.	Part of cleithrum elongated into a filament	Ophidiinae
b.	Present of beard on snout and lower jaw	Brotulinae
b.	Absent of beard on snout and lower jaw	2
2a.	Anterior part of cleithrum is not elongated into a filament	Neobythitinae

Key to genera of subfamily Brotulinae

1a.	Present of barbels on upper lip and chin; dorsal, caudal, and anal fins connected together	Brotula
b.	Absent of barbels on upper lip and chin; dorsal, caudal, and anal fins not connected	Acanthonus

Key to species of genus Neobythites

1a.	A black ovoid spot on dorsal fin and several variegated stripes on side body present. Dorsal, anal, and caudal fins connected	N. nigromaculatus
b.	A black ovoid spot on dorsal fin and several variegated stripes on side body absent. Dorsal and anal fins are not yet connected, caudal fin is isolated	N. sivicolus

 Key to species of genus Sirembo

1a.	Color longitudinal stripes on side body absent. Some color tracks on dorsal and anal fins	S. imberbis
b.	5 color longitudinal stripes on side body present. Many black and variegated tracks on dorsal and anal fins	S. marmoratum

 Key to species of genus Ophidion

1a.	> 140 dorsal fin rays; > 104 anal fin rays. The margin of dorsal fin is black	O. muraenolepis
b.	< 140 dorsal fin rays; < 114 anal fin rays. The margin of dorsal fin is not black	O. asiro

 Key to genera of family Carapidae

1a.	A row of teeth on both jaws and palatine. Anterior jaw bone is covered by skin	Encheliophis
b.	Many teeth on both jaws and palatine. Anterior jaw bone is not covered by skin	Carapus

 Key to families of order Siluriformes

1a.	Adipose fin present. Caudal pointed, connected with dorsal and anal	Plotosidae
b.	Adipose fin absent. Caudal forked	2
2a.	2 pairs of barbels; Head bone and fin rays are relatively soft	Schibeidae
b.	3-4 pairs of barbels; Head bone and fin rays are hard	3
3a.	3 pairs of barbels; Absent of barbel near the nostril; 2 nostrils on only one side of head and separated by a membrane of skin	Ariidae
b.	3 pairs of barbels; Present of barbel near the nostril; 2 nostrils on only one side of head are separated	Bagridae

 Key to genera of family Plotosidae

1a.	The begining of dorsal fin and ventral fin is on the same transversal line. Absent of a skin edge between anal fin and anus	Plotosus
b.	The begining of dorsal fin located in front of the beginning of ventral fin. Present of a skin edge between anal fin and anus orifice	Paraplotosus

 Key to species of genus Plotosus

1a.	The length of barbeb at nose not yet reach to the posterior margin of eye. Body side has two white stripes go along the fish body	P. lineatus
b.	The length of barbeb at nose can go pass the posterior margin of eye. Body side has no stripes	P. canius

 Key to species of genus Pangasius

1a.	18-22 gill rakers on first gill arch; barbel at nose are short, their length is 1/2 of head length	P. krempfi
b.	23-28 gill rakers on first gill arch; barbel at nose are long, their length is nearly the same length of head	P. pangasius

 Key to genera of family Ariidae

1a.	Present of teeth on palate bone	2
b.	Absent of teeth on palate bone	3
2a.	Present of 3 couples of soft barbels. Present of 6 branchiostegals	Arius
b.	Present of 1 couple of hard barbels as bone. Present of 5 branchiostegals	Osteogeneiosus
3a.	Mouth very large, edge of mouth located far the behind fringe of eye. Barbels on upper jaw very short, up to margin of mouth	Ketengus
b.	Mouth narrow, edge of mouth located at the previous behind fringe of eye. Barbels on upper jaw elongated up to more than half of head	Hemipimelodus

 Key to species of genus Arius

1a.	The top of dorsal spine elongated as a filament	2
b.	The top of dorsal spine is not elongated as a filament	4
2a.	D 7; A 16-18; a group of teeth at palatine has avoid shape; the length of barbels at upper jaw can reach to gill cleft	A. sinensis
b.	D 7-9; A 12-14; a group of teeth at palatine has diversity shape	3
3a.	The proportion between head and fish body length: 32-34%	A. maculatus
b.	The proportion between head and fish body length: 25-27%	A. sagor
4a.	A group of teeth at palatine has triangular shape; the length of barbels of upper jaw can reach to bottom of pectorals	A. caelatus
b.	A group of teeth at palatine has not triangular shape; the length of barbels of upper jaw has different length	5
5a.	Anal fin rays 16; group of teeth at palatine has ovois shape	A. sciurus
b.	Anal fin rays 17-20; group of teeth at palatine has different shape	6
6a.	Anal fin with 18-19 rays	A. utik
b.	Anal fin with 16-17 rays	7
7a.	The length of fish body to compare with the height: 3.5-4.0 times	A. harmandi
b.	The length of fish body to compare with the height: 4.3-4.5 times	8
8a.	The proportion between head and fish body length is 33-35%	A. macracanthus
b.	The proportion between head and fish body length is 24-30%	9
9a.	The proportion between head and fish body length is 24-29%; group of teeth at palatine has grain form; absent of black spot on adipose	A. leiotetocephalus
b.	The proportion between head and fish body length is 28-33%; group of teeth at palatine has hah form; present of black spot on adipose	10
10a.	The proportion between head and fish body length is 28-29%	A. thalassinus
b.	The proportion between head and fish body length is 32-33%	A. truncatus

Key to suborders of order Scorpaeniformes

1a.	Head and body no covered by bone	2
b.	Body and head are compressed. Two ventral fin very close	Scorpaenoidei
2a.	Body and head are flat. Two ventral fin situated so far	Platycephaloidei
b.	Head and body all covered by bone	Dactylopteroidei

Key to families of suborder Scorpaenoidei

1a.	Head compressed	2
b.	Head is flat or very flat	6
2a.	Head covered by many pieces of bone	Triglidae
b.	Head covered by some pieces of bone	3
3a.	Present of many skin nodes have the form of breast on pharynx	Aploctinidae
b.	Absent of skin nodes on pharynx	4
4a.	Membrane of gill cover is not connected with isthmus	Scorpaenidae
b.	Membrane of gill cover is connected with isthmus	5
5a.	Ventral fin present	Synanceiidae
b.	Ventral fin is devolution. The base of dorsal fin has spines is shorter than the base of dorsal fin has soft rays	Caracanthidae
6a.	Present of scales on head and body	7
b.	Head and body are covered by many spines and pieces of bone	Hoplichthyidae
7a.	Ventral fin is lower the base of pectoral fin	Bembridae
b.	Ventral fin is behind the base of pectoral fin	Platycephalidae

Key to families of Scorpaenidae

1a.	The beginning of dorsal fin is above or anterior of eye	Tetraroginae
b.	The beginning of dorsal fin is posterior of eye	2
2a.	Pectoral fin has not one separated fin ray. Absent of long barbel on chin	3
b.	Pectoral fin has one separated fin ray. Present of one pair of long barbel on chin	Apistinae
3a.	Pectoral fin is short, length is not more than body length	4
b.	Pectoral fin is very long, length is more than body length	Pteroinae
4a.	12-16 spines on pectoral fin, the edge below eye is not clear	Sebastinae
b.	12-13 spines on pectoral fin, the edge below eye is very clear	Scorpaeninae

Key to species of genus Sebasticus

1a.	P. 18; Absent of spines on margin of lower orbital cavity bone	S. marmoratus
b.	P. 17; Present of pointed spine on margin of lower orbital cavity bone	S. abbofasciatus

Key to genera of subfamilies Scorpaeninae

1a.	D. XIII	Scorpaenodes
b.	D. XIII	2
2a.	Upper and lateral of head have ctenoid scales; Absent of concave area on top of head	Sebastapistes
b.	Absent of scales on head or lateral of head has small cycloid and ctenoid scales; Present of concave area on top of head	3
3a.	Present of teeth on palatine bone	4
b.	Absent of teeth on palatine bone. Body covered by ctenoid scales	Scorpaenopsis
4a.	Body has only cycloid scales	Scorpaena
b.	Body has only cycloid scales	Parascorpaena

Key to species of genus Scorpaenodes

1a.	Dorsal fin has 9 fin rays; 5 spines on lower orbital cavity bone. Absent of big black spot on opercular	S. parvipinnis
b.	Generally, dorsal fin has 8 fin rays or less than 8; 4 spines on lower orbital cavity bone. Present of one big black spot on opercular	S. guamensis

Key to species of genus Sebastapistes

1a.	P. 15	S. bynoensis
b.	P. 16-20	2
2a.	P. 16	3
b.	P. 18-19	S. megalepis
3a.	Depth 2,9-3 in SL; Opercular has a flat skin node	S. cyanostigma
b.	Depth 2,5-2,6 in SL; Opercular has 2 spines	S. nuchalis

Key to species of genus Parascorpaena

1a.	Anterior pectoral fin rays branched. Cycloid scales	P. picta
b.	Pectoral fin rays are not branched. Cycloid scales	P. bandanensis

Key to species of genus Scorpaenopsis

1a.	Fish back is normal; Depth 3 in SL; Cleft of mouth oblique	S. cirrhosa
b.	Fish back is hunchbacked; Depth 2,3-2,9 in SL; Cleft of mouth nearly vertical	2
2a.	Head 1,5-2 in height; Present of a black arch band on outside margin of inside pectoral fin	S. neglecta
b.	Head 1,2-1,3 in height; Present of a black stripe on outside margin of inside pectoral fin	S. diabolus

Key to genera of subfamily Pteroinae

1a.	Caudal fin rounded	2
b.	Caudal fin truncate, margin of 2 lobes elongated	Parapterois
2a.	The length spine of dorsal fin is shorter than the height body; Absent of barbel or skin node on head	Brachypterois
b.	The length spine of dorsal fin is longer than the height body. Present of barbel or skin node on head	3
3a.	Pectoral fin rays are not branched	Pterois
b.	Pectoral fin rays are branched	Dendrochirus

Key to species of genus Pterois

1a.	Body and head covered by ctenoid scales. D.XII; P.16	2
b.	Head covered by cycloid scales. D.XIII; P.13-14	3
2a.	Body side has 5 color stripes go across the back. Absent of black spot on membrane pectoral fin	P. radiata
b.	Body side has many brown and white stripes go across the back. Present of many black spots on membrane pectoral fin	P. antennata
3a.	L1. 60-89	4
b.	L1. 90-102	5
4a.	L1. 69, L.tr 8/14-15	P. lunulata
b.	L1. 80-88, L.tr 9/15-18	P. russelli
5a.	Interorbital space is covered by scales	P. miles
b.	Interorbital space is not covered by scales	P. volitans

 Key to species of genus Dendrochirus

1a.	The longest dorsal spine is shorter than the height body	D. biocellatus
b.	The longest dorsal spine is longer than the height body	D. zebra

 Key to genera of subfamily Tetraroginae

1a.	Smooth fish skin, absent of scales	Tetraroge
b.	Present of scales	2
2a.	Present of ctenoid scales	Vespicula
b.	Present of cycloid scales	3
3a.	Fins normally develop. The end of pectorals not yet reach to the beginning of anal. Caudal truncate	Paracentropogon
b.	Fins strongly develop, wide and long. The end of pectorals surpass the beginning of anal. Caudal rounded or pointed	Ablabys

 Key to species of genus Ablabys

1a.	A. 5-6	A. binotatus
b.	A. 9-10	A. macracanthus

 Key to species of genus Paracentropogon

1a.	Pectoral fin is rounded, P.10	P. indicus
b.	Pectoral fin look like long tetragon, P.8-9	P. longispinis

 Key to subfamilies of family Synanceidae

1a.	7-8 spines on dorsal fin	Minoinae
b.	14-18 spines on dorsal fin	2
2a.	2 isolated fin rays on pectoral present	Inimicinae
b.	Isolated fin rays on pectoral absent	Synanceiinae

 Key to species of genus Minous

1a.	The first spine of dorsal is short, about 1/3 times in comparing with second fin ray; Absent of transversal stripe on caudal	M. trachycephalus
b.	The length of first spine of dorsal is about 1/3 times in comparing with second fin ray; Present of transversal stripe on caudal	2
2a.	2 large transversal stripes on caudal; Present of bladder	M. monodactylus
b.	5-6 narrow transversal stripes on caudal; Absent of bladder	M. pusillus

 Key to species of genus Inimicus

1a.	Snout is shorter than the head part behind eye	I. japonicus
b.	Snout is longer than the head part behind eye	2
2a.	Lateral line has 11 small holes	I. didactylus
b.	Lateral line has 12-14 small holes	I. cuvieri

 Key to species of genus Leptosynaceia

1a.	Present of a large and deep drain on lower of eye; P.15-16	L. asteroblepa
b.	Present of a narrow and deep drain on lower of eye; P.18	L. verrucosa

 Key to genera of subfamily Aploactinidae

1a.	D.XIII; Bladder absent; Present of 5 blunt spines on praeoperculum	Aploactis
b.	D.XI - XII; Bladder present; Present of 4 acute spines on praeoperculum	Erisphex

 Key to subfamilies of family Triglidae

1a.	Pectoral fin has 3 isolated fin rays; Bone covered on fish body absent; on chin barbel absent	Triglinae
b.	Pectoral fin has 2 isolated fin rays; Bone covered on fish body present; on chin barbel present	Peristedinae

 Key to genera of subfamily Triglinae

1a.	A row of uncinate on two sides of first and second base of dorsal	2
b.	Uncinate or pieces of bone on two sides of second base of dorsal	Pterygotrigla
2a.	Body covered by small cycloid scales; L1. > 70	Chelidonichthys
b.	Body covered by big cycloid scales; L1. < 70	Lepidotrigla

 Key to species of genus Lepidotrigla

1a.	Present of teeth into group on vomerine	L. spiloptera
b.	Absent of teeth on vomerine	2
2a.	Present of scales on breast and ventral body	3
b.	Absent of scales on breast and ventral body	4
3a.	L1. > 58 line. A black ovoid spot on pectoral absent	L. alala
b.	L1. < 60 line. A black ovoid spot on pectoral present	L. punctipectoralis
4a.	Top of pectoral reach to the beginning of anal	L. abyssalis
b.	Top of pectoral go pass the beginning of anal	5
5a.	Top of pectoral reach to the base of the second-fourth anal fin ray	6
b.	Top of pectoral fin reach to the base of the fifth-sixth anal fin ray	7
6a.	Top of pectoral fin reach to the base of the second-third anal fin ray. The length of head is longer than the length of pectoral fin	L. guentheri
b.	Top of pectoral fin reach to the base of the second-fourth anal fin ray. The length of head is the same of the length of pectoral fin	L. kishinouyi
7a.	Top of pectoral fin reach to the base of the fifth-sixth anal fin ray. > 61 scales on lateral line. The length of head is shorter than the length of pectoral	L. kanagashira
b.	Top of pectoral fin reach to the base of anal fin ray. < 61 scales on lateral line. The length of head is longer than the length of pectoral	L. japonicus

 Key to genera of subfamily Peristedinae

1a.	Upper jaw has teeth, lower jaw has not teeth. Many barbel on chin	Gargariscus
b.	Absent of teeth on 2 jaws	2
2a.	Spine on praeoperculum absent; Anterior part is very narrow, absent of spine in front of eye	Peristedion
b.	Present of a sharp spine on praeoperculum; Anterior part is very large, present of a small spine in front of eye	Satyrichthys

 Key to species of genus Satyrichthys

1a.	On two dorsal fin notched. Present of a black stripe on the first fin; Caudal truncate	S. amicus
b.	Two dorsal fin connected together, has not notched. Absent of a black stripe on the first fin. Caudal forked	2
2a.	Number of spine placoid on back is: 24+2	S. welchi
b.	Number of spine placoid on back is: 28+2	S. rieffeli

 Key to species of genus Hoplichthys

1a.	The fifth to seventh dorsal fin rays are not elongated; Only one uncinate spine on lateral line; Present of small spines into group behind cleft of mouth	H. regani
b.	The fifth to seventh dorsal fin rays are elongated; Present or absent of uncinate spine on lateral line; Absent of small spines into group behind cleft of mouth	2
2a.	The fifth of the fifth - sixth elongated dorsal fin rays is < 1/2 the height of dorsal fin; Present of a small spines on lateral line	H. langsdorfii
b.	The fifth of the fifth-sixth elongated dorsal fin rays is longer than the height of dorsal fin; Present of 2 spines on lateral line	H. gilberti

 Key to subfamilies of family Platycephalidae

1a.	The beginning of ventral fin is in front of pectoral base	Bembrinae
b.	The beginning of ventral fin is behind of pectoral base	Platycephalinae

 Key to genera of subfamily Platycephalinae

1a.	Dorsal fin has 6-9 spines; Caudal fin is truncate or rounded	2
b.	Dorsal fin has 5-6 spines; Caudal forked. Caudal fin lobes elongated, I fin ray elongated filament	Elastes
2a.	Teeth occur into parallel rows on vomerine; head compressed, often has sharp spines or blunt uncinates	3
b.	Teeth occur into arch on vomerine; head is flat, often has small spines	Platycephalus
3a.	The margin of orbital cavity bone is dentate; present of 1 ridge lateral head	4
b.	The margin of orbital cavity bone is not dentate; present of 2 ridges on lateral head	6
4a.	More than 48 scales on lateral line pores. Present of spines in different directions on posterior margin of opercular	Onigocia
b.	49 scales on lateral line pores. Absent of spines in different directions on posterior margin of opercular	5
5a.	Only one spine in front of eye	Rogadius
b.	2 or more spines in front of eye	Sorsogona
6a.	Scales are big; scales on lateral line have sharp spines	Grammoplites
b.	Scales are small; some scales on lateral line have sharp spines	7
7a.	A posterior half of head have blunt spines, grain form	Suggrundus
b.	A posterior half of head not spines and grain form	8
8a.	The margin of pectoral fin is concave. The first spine on praeopercular is longer than the second	Kumococius
b.	The margin of pectoral fin is round. The first spine on praeopercular is shorter than the second	9
9a.	Present of > 3 spines on praeopercular	Thysanophrys
b.	Present of 2 spines on praeopercular	10
10a.	Absent of skin node on membrane of middle opercular; Present of a big skin node on upper palpebra	Cociella
b.	Present of skin node on membrane of middle opercular; Present of many skin nodes on upper palpebra	Inegocia

 Key to species of genus Onigocia

1a.	8-11 uncinate scales on lateral line. D. IX. 11-12. 4 black brown black stripes go across a upper half body	O. spinosa
b.	2-4 uncinate scales on lateral edge. D. IX. 12. 4-5 colorless stripes go across on body side	O. macrolepis

 Key to species of genus Rogadius

1a.	L1. 47-50 4-7/15-21, present of 4 spines on the margin of praeopercular	R. asper
b.	L1. 54-55 4-7/11-12, present of 3 spines on the margin of praeopercular	R. patricipe

Key to species of genus Suggrundus 

1a.	First scale on lateral line has 7-11 spines	S. meerdervoorti
b.	First scale on lateral line has 19-21 spines	S. macracanthus

 Key to species of genus Thysanophrys

1a.	D.IX	T. celebica
b.	D.VIII	T. chiltonae

 Key to species of genus Inegocia

1a.	A. 12. The length of head is 3.2-3.6 times in comparing with snout length; 6-8 first scales on lateral line have spines	I. japonica
b.	A. II. The length of head is 2.9-3.1 times in comparing with snout length; 1-3 first scales on lateral line have spines	I. guttata

 Key to species of genus Dactyloptena

1a.	The first dorsal fin has 2 spines on occipital bone	2
b.	The first dorsal fin has only 1 spine on occipital bone	D. peterseni
2a.	P. 28	D. gilberti
b.	P. 33	D. orientalis

 

1. Nguyễn Phi Đính, Hoàng Phi & Trần Nho Xy, 1971. Cá kinh tế vịnh Bắc Bộ. Nhà xuất bản Khoa học và Kỹ thuật, Hà Nội, trang 44-149.

2. Chu Nguyên Dỉnh, Trương Xuân Lâm, 1962. Nam hải ngư loại chí, Khoa học xuất bản xã, Bắc Kinh, trang 518-543, 670-731, 833-948 (tiếng Trung).

3. Nguyễn Khắc Hường, Nguyễn Nhật Thi & Trần Nho Xy, 1971. Danh mục cá vịnh Bắc Bộ. Nội san nghiên cứu số 4, trang 112-126.

4. Nguyễn Khắc Hường và cộng sự, 1977. Danh mục cá biển Việt Nam, Báo cáo hội nghị khoa học biển lần 1. Nha Trang.

5. Nguyễn Khắc Hường, 1993. Cá biển Việt Nam. Tập II, quyển 2, Nhà xuất bản Khoa học và Kỹ thuật, Hà Nội, trang 67-81.

6. Vương Dĩ Khang, 1958. Ngư loại phân loại học. Thượng Hải Khoa học Kỹ thuật xuất bản xã, trang 284-520 (tiếng Trung).

7. Nguyễn Hữu Phụng, Lê Trọng Phấn, Nguyễn Nhật Thi, Nguyễn Phi Đính, Đỗ Thị Như Nhung & Nguyễn Văn Lục, 1994. Danh mục cá biển Việt Nam. Tập II, Nhà xuất bản Khoa học và Kỹ thuật, Hà Nội, trang 126-137.

8. Nguyễn Hữu Phụng, Lê Trọng Phấn, Nguyễn Nhật Thi, Nguyễn Phí Đính, Đỗ Thị Như Nhung & Nguyễn Văn Lục, 1995. Danh mục cá biển Việt Nam. Tập III, Nhà xuất bản Khoa học và Kỹ thuật, Hà Nội, trang 318-360.

9. Nguyễn Hữu Phụng, 1997. Cá san hô ở Bắc quần đảo Trường Sa trong đợt khảo sát Việt Nam - Philippiness Jomsre-SCS-96. Tuyển tập Báo cáo Hội nghị khoa học Việt Nam - RP Jomsre-SCR lần I. Hà Nội.

10. Sở nghiên cứu Hải dương Viện khoa học Trung Quốc, 1964. Trung Quốc kinh tế động vật chí. Hải sản ngư loại: Ariidae. Khoa học xuất bản xã, Bắc Kinh, trang 80 -150 (tiếng Trung).

11. Ủy ban nghiên cứu nghề cá miền Tây Thái Bình Dương, 1964. Danh từ đối chiếu tên các loài cá có giá trị kinh tế ở tây Thái Bình Dương. Bắc Kinh, trang 93-95, 143-145, 182-193 (tiếng Việt).

12. Mai Đình Yên, 1978. Định loại cá nước ngọt các tỉnh phía Bắc Việt Nam. Nhà xuất bản Khoa học và Kỹ thuật, Hà Nội, trang 246-264.

13. Mai Đình Yên, 1992. Định loại các loài cá nước ngọt Nam Bộ. Nhà xuất bản Khoa học và Kỹ thuật, Hà Nội, trang 149-211.

14. Alcock A., 1890. On some undescribed shore-fishes from the bay of Bengal. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (6), 6: 425-443, 3 figs.

15. Aoyagi H., 1943. Coral fishes. I: 224 pp., 54 figs., 37 pls.

16. Basilewsky s., 1855. Ichthyographia Cjinae Borealis. Nouv. Mem. Soc. Nat. Moscou, 10: 215-264.

17. Beaufort L. F. de, 1940. The fishes of the Indo-Australian Archipelago. VIII. Percomorphi, Cirrhitoidea, Labri-formes. Pomacentriformes Leiden: 508 pp., 56 figs.

18. Beaufort, L. F. de & Chapman, W. M., 1951. The fishes of the Indo-Australian Archipelago. IX. Percomorphi, Blennoidea. Leiden 484 pp., 89 figs.

19. Berg L. S. 1947. Classification of Fishes Both Recent and Fossil. -Trav. Zool. Acad. Nauka SSSR,5, N°. 2: 87-517.

20. Besednov L. N. 1968. Ichthyofauna of the Gulf Tonkin. -Uchen. Zap. Dal’nevost. Univ., 15, No. 2: 47-85.

21. Besednov L. N. 1969. Fishes from the Gulf of Tonkin.-Izv. Tikhookean. Nauchono- Issled. Inst. Ryb. Khoz. Okeanogr. (TINRO), 66: 1-138. (in Rursian).

22. Bleeker P., 1866-1872. Atlas ichtylogique des Orientalis Neerlandaises. V. 2-6. Amsterdam.

23. Bourret R., 1972. La Faune de rindochine, Vertébrés. PP. 314-317.

24. Chaux J. & Fang P. W., 1949. Catalogue des Siluroides d’lndochine de la collection du laboratoire des Pêches coloniales au Museum avec la desription de 6 esp.nov. Bull. Mus. Nat. Hit. Nat. T. XXI, No. 3:1-7.

25. Chevey P., 1932. Inventaire de la ichthyologique de l’lndochine, 2e liste, 19e note - Inst. Océanogr. Indochine, pp. 1-31.

26. Chevey P., 1932. Les poissons de campagnes de “de Lanessan”. Trav. Inst. Océanogr. Indochine, 4 ,... Mém. 155pp., 50 pls.

27. Chevey P., 1934. Revision synonymique de 1’oeuvre ichthyologique de G. Tữant. Notes Stn. Marit. Cauda, 7: 1-291.

28. Fowler H. W., 1929. Notes on Japanese and Chinese fishes. Proc. Acad. Nat. sci. Philad., 597-616. pp.

29. Fowler H. W., 1931. The fishis of the families Pseudochromidae, Lobotidae, Pempheridae, Priacanthidae, Lutjanidae, Pomadasyidae, and Teraponidae, collected by the u. s Bureau of Fisheries steamer “Albatross” chiefly in Philippines seas and adjacent waters. Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 100,11:1-388.

30. Fowler H. W., 1931. Studies of Hong Kong fishes. No. 2 Hong Kong Nat., 2:287- 317, 16 figs.

31. Fowler H. W., 1933. The fishes of the families Banjosidae, Lethrinidae, Sparidae, Girellidae, Kyphosidae, Oplegnathidae, Gerridae, Mullidae, Emmelichthyidae, Sciaenidae, Sillaginidae, Arripidae, and Enoplosidae, collected by the u. s, Bureau of Fishies steamer "Albatross" chiefly in Philippines seas and adjacent waters. Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 100, 12: 1-465.

32. Fowler H. W., 1936. A synopsis of the fishes of China. Part VI. Hong Kong Nat., 7: 61-80, 186-202, 271-315

33. Fowler H. W., 1937. A synopsis of the fishes of China. Part VII. ibid., 8: 124- 145.

34. Fowler H. W., 1938. A synopsis of the fishes of China. Part VII. ibid., 8: 249- 289; 9, 58-86.

35. Fowler H. W., 1939. A synopsis of the fishes of China. Part VII. ibid., 9: 141- 164; 203-220.

36. Fowler H. W., 1940. A synopsis of the fishes of China. Part VII. ibid., 10: 39-62; 109-121.

37. Fowler H. W., 1941. A synopsis of the fishes of China. Part VII. ibid., 10: 206- 222.

38. Fowler, H. W., 1953. A synopsis of the fishes of China. Part VII. Quart. Jour. Taiwan Mus., 6, (1): 1-77, 34 figs.

39. Fowler H. W., 1954. A synopsis of the fishes of China. Part VII. Quart. Jour. Taiwan Mus., 7, (1 & 2): 1-110, 81 figs.

40. Fowler H. W., 1956. A synopsis of the fishes of China. Part VII. Quart. Jour. Taiwan Mus., 9, (3 & 4): 1-41.

41. Fowler H. W., & Bean B. A., 1928. The fishes of the families Pomacentridae, Labridae and Callyodotidae, collected by the u. s. Bureau of Fisheries steamer “Albatross” chiefly in Philippines seas and adjacent waters. Bull. u. s. Nat. Mus., 100, 7: 525.

42. Fowler H. W. & Bean B. A., 1929. The fishes of the series Capriformes, Ephippiformes, and Squamipinnes, collected by the u. s. Bureau of Fisheries steamer “Albatross” chiefly in Philippines seas and adjacent waters. Bull. u. s. Nat. Mus., 100, 8: 1-352.

43. Fowler H. W. & Bean B. A., 1930. The fishes of the Amiidae, Chandidae, Duleidae, and Serranidae, obtained by the U. S. bureau of Fisheries steamer “Albatross” in 1907 to 1910, chiefly in the Philippines Islands and adjacent seas. Ibid., 100, 10: 1-334.

44. Gruvel A., 1925. L’lndochine, ses richesses marines et fluvialas.

45. Günther A., 1859-1865. Catalogue of the fishes in British Museum. (1, 1859; 2, 1860; 3, 1861; 4, 1862; 5, 1865) London.

46. Günther A., 1880. Report on the shore fishes. Zool. Voy. "Challenger'', 1, (6): 1-82.

47. Herre A. W., 1926. Four rare Philippines fishes. Philippines Jour. Sci., 31: 217-227.

48. Herre A. W., 1927. The Philippines band fishes, ibid., 34, (3): 281-285, 1 pl.

49. Herrer A. W., 1927. Philippines surgeon fishes and moorish idols., ibid., 34: (4), 403-478, 16 pls.

50. Herre A. W., 1932. Fishes from Kwangtung Province and Hainan Island, China. Lingnan Sci. Jour., 11: 423-443.

51. Herre A. W., 1934. Hong Kong fishes collected in October-December, 1931. Hong Kong Nat., Suppl., no. 3, 26-36.

52. Herre A. W., 1935. New and rare Hong Kong fishes obtained in 1934. Hong Kong Nat., 6: 285-293,1 fig.

53. Herre A. W., 1938. Notes on a small collection of fishes from Kwangtung Province including Hainan, China. Lingnan Sci. Jour., 17: 425-537, 3 fig.

54. Herre A. W., 1939. The Philippines blennies. Philippines Jour. Sei., 70 (4), 315- 373, 5 pls.

55. Herre A. W., 1945. Marine fishes from the Chusan Archipelago and adjacent seas. Philippines Jour. Sci., 21: 107-122.

56. Herre A. W., 1952. A review of the scorpaenoid fishes of the Philippiness and adjacent seas. Philippines Jour. Sci., 80, (4): 381-482.

57. Herre A. W., 1953. Check list of Philippines fishes. Res. Rept. 20, Fish & Wildlife Service, u. s. Dept. Interior. 977 pp.

58. Herre, A. W. & Herald, E. S., 1951. Noteworthy additions to the Philippiness fish fauna with descriptions of a new genus and. ibid., 79: 309-340,12 figs.

59. Herre A. W. & Montalban H. R., 1927. Philippines sparoid and rudder fishes, ibid., 33, (4): 379-441, 9 pls. 933.

60. Herre A. W. & Myers G. S., 1931. Fishes from Southeastern China and Hainan. Lingnan Sci. Jour., 10: 233-254.

61. Jordan D. S., 1923. A classification of fishes including families and genera as far as known. Stanford Univ. Publ. Biol. Sci., 3: 77-243.

62. Jordan D. S., & Evermann B. W., 1903. Fishes from Formosa. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 25: 70-120.

63. Jordan D. S. & Fowler H. W., 1902. A review of ophidioid fishes of Japan, ibid., 25:743-766.

64. Jordan D. S. & Fowler H. W., 1903. A review of the Cepolidae or band fishes of Japan, ibid., 26: 699-702.

65. Jordan D. S. & Fowler H. S., 1903. A review of the dragonets (Callionymidae) and related fishes of the waters of Japan, ibid., 25: 939-959.

66. Jordan D. S. & Herre A. W., 1907. A review of the cirrhitoid fishes of Japan, ibid., 33: 157-169, 2 fig.

67. Jordan D. S. & Hubbs C. L., 1925. Record of fishes obtained by David Starr Jordan in Japan, 1922. Mem. Carnegie Mus., 10: 93-346.

68. Jordan D. S & H. W. Powler 1930. A review of the silunoid fishes of Japan. J. coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo, 33, 1.

69. Jordan D. S. & Richardson R. E., 1908. A review of the flatheads, gurnards, and other mail-cheeked fishes of the waters of Japan. Proc. u. s. Nat. Mus., 33: 629-670.

70. Jordan D. S. & Seale A., 1906. The fishes of Samoa. Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., 25: 175-455, 21 pls.

71. Jordan D. S. & Snyder J. O., 1900. A list if fishes collected in Japan by keinosuke Otaki, and by the U. S. steamer “Albatross” with descriptions of fourteen new species. Proc. U. S. nat. Mus., 23: 335-380.

72. Jordan D. S. & Snyder J. O., 1901. A review of the cardinal fishes of Japan, ibid., 23: 891-913, 10 figs.

73. Jordan D. S. & Snyder J. O., 1901. Descriptions of nine new species of fishes obtained in Museum of Japan. Jour. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo, 15:301-311,3 pls.

74. Jordan D. S. & Snyder J. O., 1902. A review of the trachinoid fishes and their supposed allies found in the waters of Japan. Proc. U. S. nat. Mus., 24: 461-497.

75. Jordan D. S. & Snyder J. O., 1902. A review of the blennoid fisfes of Japan, ibid., 25: 441-504.

76. Jordan D. S. & Starks E. C., 1904. A review of the scorpaenoid fishes of Japan, ibid., 27: 97-175.

77. Jordan D. S. & Starks E. C., 1905. On a collection of fishes made in Korea by Pierre Louis Jouy; with descrip-tion of new species, ibid., 28: 193-212.

78. Jordan D. S. & Starks E. C., 1907. Note on Otohime, a new genus of gurnards, ibid., 32,131-133, 1 fig.

79. Jordan D. S., Tanaka S. & Snyder J. O., 1913. A catalogue of the fishes of Japan. Jour. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo, 33: 1-497.

80. Jordan D. S. & Thompson W. F., 1912. A review of the Sparidae and related families of perch - like fishes found in the waters of Japan, ibid., 41: 521-601.

81. Kamohara T., 1935. On the Owstonidae of Japan. Annot. Zool. Jap., 15: (1), 130- 137, 4 figs.

82. Kamohara T., 1936. A review of the peristedidioid fishes found in the water of Japan, ibid., 15: (4), 436-445, 2 pls.

83. Kamohara T., 1952. Revised descriptions of the offshore bottom-fishes of Prov. Tosa, Shikoku, Japan. Rept. Kochi Univ., nat. Sci., no. 3: 1-122, 100 figs.

84. Kamohara T., 1954. A review of the family Brotulidae found in the waters of Prov. Tosa, Japan. Rept. Usa Mar, Biol. St., 1, (2): 1-14, 9 figs.

85. Kamohara T., 1957. A list of fishes from Amami-Oshima and adjacent regions, Kagoshiima Prefecture, Japan, ibid., 4, (1): 1-65, 38 figs.

86. Kuronuma A., 1941. Note on rare fishes taken off the Pacific coast of Japan. Bull. Biogeogr. Soc. Japan, 11: 37-67, 5 figs., 1 pl.

87. Lacépède. B. G. E. 1803. Histoire Naturelie des Poissons, 5: 1-85.

88. Liang Y. S., 1948. Note on a collection of fishes from Pescadores Islands, Taiwan. Quart. Jour. Taiwan Mus., 1, (2): 1-20.

89. Liang Y. S., 1949. On a small collection of fishes made by Mr. Chou at Taiwan. Quart. Jour. Taiwan Mus., 1: (4), 51-60.

90. Martin C. & Montalban H. R., 1935. Philippines Parapercidae. Philippines Jour. Sci., 56, (2): 215-225, 3 pls.

91. Matsubara K., 1933. A review of Hapalogenys, a genus of perch-like fishes, from Japan and adjacent regions. Jour. Imp. Fish. Inst., 28, (2): 73-96, 7 figs.

92. Matsubara K., 1934. Studies on the scorpaenoid fishes of Japan, ibis., 30, (3): 199-210, 4 figs.

93. Matsubara K. & Hiyama Y., 1932. A review of the Triglidae, a family of mail­cheeked fishes, found in the waters around Japan, ibid., 28, (1): 3-66, 22 figs.

94. Munro, S. R., 1955. The marine and Fresh water Fishes of Celan.

95. Okada, Y & K. Matsubara, 1938. Keys to the Fishes and Fish - like Animals of Japan. Tokyo and Osaka.

96. Okada Y. & Suzuki K., 1952. On two new bembroid fishes from the deep sea off Mie Prefecture with special reference in relation to hitherto known species. Rept. Fac. Fish. Pref. Univ. Mie, 1 (2): 67-74, 3 figs.

97. Oshima M., 1925. Note on a collection of fishes from Hainan, obtained by Prof. s. F. light. Annot. Zool. Jap. 11, 1-25.

98. Pellegrin J., 1905. Mission permanente íranẹaise en Indochine Poissons de la baie d’Along. Bull. Joe. Zool. France, 30: 83.

99. Radcliffe L., 1911. Notes on some fishes of the genus Amia, family of Cheilidipteridae, with descriptions of four new species from the Philippines Islands. Proc. U. S. Mus., 41: 245-261, 6 pls.

100. Radcliffe L., 1913. Descriptions of seven new genera and thirty-one new species of fishes of the families Brotulidae and Carapidae from the Philippines Islands and the Dutch East Indies. Ibid. 44: 135-176, 11 figs.

101. Regan C. T., 1909. On the anatomy and classification of the scombroid fishes. Ann. And. Mag. Nat. Hist., (8) 3: 66-75

102. Regan C. T., 1909. The classification of teleostean fishes, ibid., (8) 3: 75-86

103. Regan C. T., 1911. On the cirrhitiform percoids. ibid., (8), 7: 259-262.

104. Regan C. T., 1911. Classification of the teleostean fishes of the order Siluroidea, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (18) 7-8: 327-577.

105. Regan C. T., 1912. The classification of the blennioid fishes, ibid., (8)10: 265-280.

106. Regan C. T., 1913. The osteology and classification of the teleostean fishes of the order Scleroparei. ibid., (8), 11: 169-184.

107. Rendahl, H., 1924. Beitrge zur Kenntriss der marinen Ichthyologie von China. Arkiv Zool., 16: no. 2: 1-37, 2 figs.

108. Sauvage H. E., 1981. Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. 2e series, 12: 162-171, pl. 7, fig. 3.

109. Sauvage H. E., 1984. Contribution a la faune ichthyologique du Tonkin. Bull. Soc. Zool. France 9.

110. Schmidt P. J., 1930. Fishes of the Riu Kiu Island. Trans. Pacific Comm. Acad. Sci. USSR, 1: 19-156, 5 figs., 6 pls.

111. Schmidt P. J., 1931. Fishes of the Japan, collected in 1901. ibid 2: 1-176, 30 figs.

112. Schultz L. P., 1943. Fishes of the Phoenix and Samoan Islands collected in 1939 during the expedition of the u. s steamer “Bushnell”. Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 180, 316 pp., 27 figs.

113. Seale A., 1914. Fishes of Hong Kong. Philippines Jour. Sci, 9: 59-79, 2 pls.

114. Smith H. M., 1945. The fresh-water fishes of Siam, or Thailand. Bull. u. s Nat. Mus., 188, 622 pp., 107 figs., 9 pls.

115. Smith J. L. B., 1949. The sea fishes of southern Africa. Cape. Town. 550 pp., 105 pls.

116. Tchung-Lin, Chi-ya Shin, 1934. Notes on some Chinese catfishes. Reprinted from the Sci. Quant. Nat., Univ. Peking IV, 3.

117. Temmick C. J. & Schlegel. H., 1842-1850. Pisces (in Siebold’s fauna Japonica). Lugduni Batavorum.

118. Tirant G., 1883. Mémoire Poissons rivière de Hue (Reimpr. 1929).

119. Tirant G., 1885. Notes Poissons la Basse-Cochinchine et du Cambodges, 6 e notes Saigon (Réimpr, 1929).

120. Weber M & Beaufort, L. F. de, 1911-1936. The fishes of the Indo-Australian Archipelago. (1,1911; II, 1925; V, 1929; VI, 1931; VII, 1936) Leiden.

121. Wu H. W., 1929. Study of the fishes of Amoy. I. Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci. Soc. China, 5 (4): 1-90, 70 figs.

 

Động vật chí và Thực vật chí là những tài liệu cơ bản về khu hệ động vật, thực vật, nguồn lợi sinh vật của mỗi nước, được coi như tài liệu chính thống, để sử dụng vào nghiên cứu, giảng dạy, khai thác và bảo vệ nguồn lợi sinh vật, tính đa dạng sinh học của nước đó. Đây cũng là kết quả của cả quá trình hoạt động điều tra khảo sát, nghiên cứu về khu hệ động vật, thực vật, được tổng hợp, thẩm định và công bố.

Nhằm đáp ứng yêu cầu phát triển kinh tế-xã hội, khoa học công nghệ nước ta trong giai đoạn mới, Trung tâm Khoa học tự nhiên và Công nghệ Quốc gia (nay là Viện Hàn lâm Khoa học và Công nghệ Việt Nam) đã giao cho Viện Sinh thải và Tài nguyên sinh vật chủ trì, tập hợp một lực lượng đông đảo cán bộ khoa học trong cả nước, soạn thảo và công bố lần lượt từ năm 1996 tới năm 2007 được 25 tập Động vật chí và 11 tập Thực vật chí Việt Nam do Nhà xuất bản Khoa học và Kỹ thuật phát hành.

Cụm công trình Động vật chí và Thực vật chí Việt Nam cùng với Sách Đỏ và Danh lục Đỏ Việt Nam trong các giai đoạn này đã vinh dự được nhận Giải thưởng Hồ Chí Minh về khoa học và công nghệ năm 2012 và Trung tâm Sách kỷ lục Việt Nam cấp giấy xác lập kỷ lục là bộ sách nhiều tập nhất.

Các tài liệu đã xuất bản, tuy chất lượng về nội dung và hình thức còn tiếp tục phải hoàn thiện, song đã đáp ứng được một phần yêu cầu bức thiết của hoạt động nghiên cứu, sản xuất, bảo vệ tài nguyền, đa dạng sinh vật và môi trường ở nước ta hiện nay.

Việc biên soạn và xuất bản tiếp tục các tập Động vật chí, Thực vật chí Việt Nam đã được Nhà nước giao cho Viện Hàn lâm Khoa học và Công nghệ Việt Nam, và Viện Sinh thái và Tài nguyên sinh vật vẫn với trách nhiệm là cơ quan chủ trì, dưới hình thức một đề tài độc lập cấp Nhà nước trong giai đoạn 2008-2010 mang mã số ĐTĐL-2008G/3.

Ấn phẩm này được xuất bản là nhờ hoạt động của đề tài Nhà nước nói trên, song nó là kết quả của sự tích luỹ tư liệu hàng chục năm và kế thừa các kết quả, kinh nghiệm biên soạn, biên tập của giai đoạn 1996-2005. Trong tập sách này, chúng tôi đã trích dẫn nhiều tài liệu khoa học có liên quan do các tác giả, đồng nghiệp đã công bố. Ban chủ nhiệm đề tài và tác giả tập sách này xin chân thành cảm ơn các nhà khoa học và các tác giả trong và ngoài nước đã giúp đỡ và thông cảm. Hy vọng rằng các tập sách về Động vật chí, Thực vật chí Việt Nam được xuất bản sẽ đáp ứng được mong mỏi của giới khoa học và của toàn xã hội.

BAN CHỦ NHIỆM ĐỀ TÀI