ABSTRACT
FLORA OF VIETNAM 17
2. LOGANIACEAE R. Br. ex Mart.
(3 tribes, 5 genera, 28 species, 1 variety)
INTRODUCTION
The family Loganiaceae R. Br. ex Mart. comprises about 15 genera and 400 species distributed in tropical and subtropical, with abundance in South and South East Asia. In Vietnam, the family is represented by 5 genera, 28 species, and 1 variety. Members of the family Loganiaceae are also used for medicine because of the presence of alkaloids. Some species are edible and of ornamental value.
The taxonomy of Loganiaceae was initially published by various workers such as: C. Linneaus (1753), R. Brown (1814), and Martius (1827). Thereafter, several authors such as Endlicher (1838), A. DC. Candolle (1845), Bureau (1856), G. Bentham & J. D. Hooker (1876), Leenhouts (1962), H. Melchior (1964), J. Huchinson (1969), A. Takhtajan (1973, 1996), Heywood (1996), etc. also published there work on Loganiaceae.
In Vietnam, Loganiaceae was worked out by several foreign authors such as: J. Loureiro (1790), P. Dop (1912), C. Tirel-Roudet (1972); and Vietnamese authors such Tran Cong Khanh (1987), Pham Hoang Ho (1993, 1999), Nguyen Tien Ban (1997), Tran Cong Khanh & Nguyen Khac Khoi (2005) etc. Besides, there are several publication related to the uses of Loganiaceae in Vietnam by Vo Van Chi (1991, 1997, 2012), Do Tat Loi (1995), Le Tran Duc (1997), Do Huy Bich (2004) etc.
Flora of Vietnam – Volume 17 (2) - Loganiaceae R. Br. ex Mart. is a taxonomic monograph of Loganiaceae in Vietnam. The information presented here are an output of the collection, investigations and research carried out for many years in different regions of Vietnam. To bring out this volume, specimens of the family Loganiaceae were collected in many regions of Vietnam with ecological observations. Specimens stored at several herbaria such as: Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Hanoi, Vietnam (HN); Hanoi University of Science, Hanoi National University, Hanoi, Vietnam (HNU); National Institute of Medicinal Materials, Hanoi, Vietnam (NIMM); Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Hanoi, Vietnam (HNIP); Institute of Tropical Biology, Ho Chi Minh City, (HM);... and other international herbariums.
Part 2 of this book had 96 pages (pages 218-315), including: introdution morphology of Loganiaceae in Vietnam, taxonomy publications, Vietnamese Loganiaceae system, keys of genera and species, name of species (Latin and Vietnamese), references, description, synonyms, habitat, distribution, uses and note; 27 drawings, 6 pictures, index of Latin and Vietnamese names, references. There are some documents, drawings, pictures of the other authors was cited in this book.
I. CHECKLIST OF THE TAXA IN FAMILY LOGANIACEAE R. Br. ex Mart. IN VIETNAM
(3 trib., 5 gen., 28 sp., 1 var.)
Trib.1. SPIGELIEAE Dunn. (2 gen., 6 sp., 1 var.)
1. MITREOLA L. (2 sp.)
1.1. Mitreola petiolata (J. F. Gmel.) Torr. & Gray (fig. 4)
1.2. Mitreola reticulata Tirel (fig. 5, photo 1)
2. MITRASACME Labill. (4 sp., 1 var.)
2.1. Mitrasacme indica Wight
2.2. Mitrasacme erophila Leenh. (fig. 6)
2.3. Mitrasacme pygmaea R. Br. (fig. 7)
2.3a. Mitrasacme pygmaea var. grandiflora (Hemsl.) Leenh.
2.4. Mitrasacme setosa Hance
Trib.2. GELSEMIEAE G. Don (1 gen., 1 sp.)
3. GELSEMIUM Juss. (1 sp.)
3.1. Gelsemium elegans (Gardn. & Champ.) Benth. (fig. 8)
Trib.3. STRYCHNEAE DC. (2 gen., 21 sp.)
4. GARDNERIA Wall. (1 sp.)
4.1. Gardneria ovata Wall. (fig. 9)
5. STRYCHNOS L. (20 sp.)
5.1. Strychnos vanprukii Craib. (fig. 10)
5.2. Strychnos thorelii Pierre ex Dop (fig. 11)
5.3. Strychnos polyantha Pierre ex Dop (fig. 12)
5.4. Strychnos daclacensis T. C. Khanh (fig. 13)
5.5. Strychnos axillaris Colebr. (fig. 14, photo 2)
5.6. Strychnos umbellata (Lour.) Merr. (fig. 15, photo 3)
5.7. Strychnos minor Dennst. (fig. 16)
5.8. Strychnos ovata Hill. (fig. 17, photo 4)
5.9. Strychnos sonlaensis T. C. Khanh (fig. 18)
5.10. Strychnos angustiflora Benth. (fig. 19, photo 5)
5.11. Strychnos cathayensis Merr. (fig. 20)
5.12. Strychnos nitida G. Don (fig. 21)
5.13. Strychnos ignatii Berg. (fig. 22, photo 6)
5.14. Strychnos spireana Dop (fig. 23)
5.15. Strychnos nux-blanda Hill. (fig. 24)
5.16. Strychnos nux-vomica L. (fig. 25)
5.17. Strychnos wallichiana Steud. ex DC. (fig. 26)
5.18. Strychnos rupicola Piere ex Dop (fig. 27)
5.19. Strychnos dinhensis Pierre ex Dop
5.20. Strychnos lucida R. Br.
II. KEY TO THE GENERA OF LOGANIACEAE R. Br. ex Mart. IN VIETNAM
| 1A. |
Herbaceous, annual or perennial |
(Trib.1. Spigelieae) |
| 2A. |
Leaf blade pinnately veined. Flower 5-merous, calyx and petal imbricate in flower bud |
1. MITREOLA |
| 2B. |
Only main vein present in leaf blade, rarely 3-veined. Flower 4-merous, calyx and petal valvate in flower bud. |
2. MITRASACME |
| 1B. |
Woody, shrubs, trees or climbers. |
|
| 3A. |
Petal imbricate in flower bud. Fruit capsule |
(Trib.2. Gelsemieae)
3. GELSEMIUM
|
| 3B. |
Petal valvate in flower bud. Fruit berry |
(Trib.3. Strychneae) |
| 4A. |
Leaf blade pinnately veined, tendril absent. |
4. GARDNERIA |
| 4B. |
Leaf blade with 1-3 pairs of lateral veins from near the base and curved along margin, tendril present. |
5. STRYCHNOS |
III. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF LOGANIACEAE R. Br. ex Mart IN VIETNAM
3.1. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF MITREOLA IN VIETNAM
| 1A. |
Stem erect. Style 2, small, stigma capitate. Capsule with 2 incurved apical horns; seed glabrous |
1. M. petiolata |
| 1B. |
Stem creeping. Style very short or not, stigma sessile or subsessile. Capsule with 2 straight apical horns; reticulate seed. |
2. M. reticulata |
3.2. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF MITRASACME IN VIETNAM
| 1A. |
Flower solitary or in paired in leaf axils. Stem distinctly 4-ribbed to narrow 4-winged |
1. M. indica |
| 1B. |
Flowers in terminal inflorescence. Stem round, without ribbed or winged. |
2. M. reticulata |
| 2A. |
Anther round, pubescent. Reticulate seed. |
2. M. erophila |
| 2B. |
Anther elliptic, glabours. Papillate seed. |
3. M. pygmaea
3a. M. pygmaea var. grandiflora
|
| |
Not information. |
4. M. setosa |
3.3. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF GELSEMINUM IN VIETNAM
| Petal imbricate in flower bud. Fruit capsule. |
1. G. elegans |
3.4. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF GARDNERIA IN VIETNAM
| Leaf blade pinnately veined, tendril absent. |
1. G. ovata |
3.5. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF STRYCHNOS IN VIETNAM
A. Based on the morphology of reproductive parts
| 1A. |
Flower campanulate, 2-6 mm long; corolla tube shorter or equal to lobes. |
|
| 2A. |
Anther glabrous. |
|
| 3A. |
Pistil glabrous. |
|
| 4A. |
Filament 1-2 mm long, longer than 2-4 anther. Corolla pubescent on upper tube and base of lobes. |
1. S. vanprukii |
| 4B. |
Filament 0.7 mm long, equal to anther. Corolla pubescent on lobes. |
2. S. thorelii |
| 3B. |
Pistil hairs. |
|
| 5A. |
Stamens inserted at corolla base; filament 3 mm long. |
3. S. polyantha |
| 5B. |
Stament inserted at corolla mouth; filament 1 mm long. |
4. S. daclacensis |
| 2B. |
Anther hairs. |
|
| 6A. |
Stamens included in corolla tube. Pistil always glabous on the same inflorescence |
5. S. axillaris |
| 6B. |
Stamens exserted in corolla tube. Pistil hairs, sometimes glabrous on the same inflorescence. |
|
| 7A. |
Pistil hairs, and glabrous on the same inflorescence. Flower 4- or 5- merous. |
6. S. umbellata |
| 7B. |
Pistil hairs on the same inflorescence. Flower 5- merous. |
|
| 8A. |
Corolla tube equal to lobes. Pistil 5 mm long. |
7. S. minor |
| 8B. |
Corolla tube much shorter than lobes. Pistil 2-3.5 mm long. |
|
| 9A. |
Corolla rotate, 3-5 mm long; corolla tube 0.75-1.25 mm long. Filaments 0.75-2 mm long. |
8. S. ovata |
| 9B. |
Corolla not rotate, 2-2.5 mm long; corolla tube 0.3-0.4 mm long. Filaments 0.5 mm long. |
9. S. sonlaensis |
| 1B. |
Flower cylindric, 9-17 mm long; corolla tube equal or much longer than lobes. |
|
| 10A. |
Anther basifixed; filaments 0.5-4 mm long. |
|
| 11A. |
Corolla tube subequal to lobes. Filaments 3-4 mm long. |
10. S. angustiflora |
| 11B. |
Corolla tube 3-5 longer than lobes. Filaments 0.5 mm long. |
|
| 12A. |
Corrola glabrous; tube 3 longer than lobes. |
11. S. cathayensis |
| 12B. |
Corrola villous at mouth; tube 5 longer than lobes. |
12. S. nitida |
| 10B. |
Anther dorsifixed; filaments very short or absent. |
|
| 13A. |
Inflorescence axillary. |
|
| 14A. |
Corolla 15-17 mm long. Anther 1.75-2.5 mm long. Pistil 13-17 mm long. |
13. S. ignatii |
| 14B. |
Corolla 10-14 mm long. Anther 1.5 mm long. Pistil 10-12 mm long. |
14. S. spireana |
| 13B. |
Inflorescence terminal. |
|
| 15A. |
Anther acuminate. Mesocarp thick. Seed globose or elliptic, compressed. |
|
| 16A. |
Calyx 1.5-2 mm long; lobes lanceolate. Fruit big, 5-8 cm in diam |
15. S. nux-blanda |
| 16B. |
Calyx 0.5-1.25 mm long; lobes ovate. Fruit 2.5-5 cm in diam. |
|
| 17A. |
Mesocarp 1-1.5 mm thick. Seed 1-4. |
16. S. nux-vomica |
| 17B. |
Mesocarp 3 mm thick. Seed many. |
17. S. wallichiana |
| 15B. |
Anther round at apex. Mesocarp thin. Seed discoid or globose. |
18. S. rupicola |
| |
No information. |
19. S. dinhensis
20. S. lucida
|
B. Based on the morphology of vegetative parts
| 1A. |
Trees or woody, shrubs or sometimes climbers; tendril absent. |
|
| 2A. |
Tree. |
|
| 3A. |
Stem with axillary spike. Leaf blade 5-18 × 4-12.5 cm. |
16. S. nux-vomica |
| 3B. |
Stem without spike. Leaf blade big, 8-21 × 6-16 cm. |
15. S. nux-blanda |
| 2B. |
Woody shrubs or climbers. |
|
| 4A. |
Young branch and petiole pubescencs. Middle vein depressed adaxial, elevated abaxial |
4. S. daclacensis |
| 4B. |
Young branch and petiole glabrous. Middle vein elevated on both sides. |
|
| 5A. |
Branch much lenticellate, 2 opposite petioles opposite parallel with branch. |
9. S. sonlaensis |
| 5B. |
Branch glabrous or little lencillate, 2 opposite petioles opposite make a acute angle with branch. |
|
| 6A. |
Branch gray, lenticel absent. Leaf blade 5-7 veined; petiole 1-5 mm long. |
6. S. umbellata |
| 6B. |
Branch brown-yellow, little lenticellate. Leaf blade 3 veined; petiole 5-7 mm long. |
8. S. ovata |
| 1B. |
Woody climbers, rarely shrubs, single or double tendril. |
|
| 7A. |
Climbers or shrubs, single tendril. |
|
| 8A. |
Thorns on axillary or terminate. |
|
| 9A. |
Thorns axillary, tendril tomentosa. |
5. S. axillaris |
| 9B. |
Thorns terminate, tendril glabrous. |
10. S. angustiflora |
| 8B. |
Thorns absent. |
|
| 10A. |
Bark of branch lumpy. |
17. S. wallichiana |
| 10B. |
Bark of branch not lumpy. |
|
| 11A. |
Leaf blade thin. |
18. S. rupicola |
| 11B. |
Leaf blade thick. |
|
| 12A. |
Bark of branch bright gray, many lenticellate. |
13. S. ignatii |
| 12B. |
Bark of branch dark brown, little lenticellate. |
14. S. spireana |
| 7B. |
Climbers or shrubs, double tendril. |
|
| 13A. |
Tendril glabrous. |
|
| 14A. |
Branch round, bark gray. Leaf blade had midle vein impressed to elevated adaxial |
7. S. minor |
| 14B. |
Branch square in cross section, bark silver gray to red brown. Leaf blade had midle vein impressed to depressed abaxial. |
|
| 15A. |
Branch without lenticelate; bark silver gray to brown. |
1. S. vanprukii |
| 15B. |
Branch with white lenticelate sparse; bark red brown. |
3. S. polyantha |
| 13B. |
Tendril tomentosa. |
|
| 16A. |
Young branch glabrous, tendril sparsely tomentosa. |
12. S. nitida |
| 16B. |
Young branch pubescens, tendril densely tomentosa. |
|
| 17A. |
Branch brown. Petiole 2-4 mm long. |
11. S. cathayensis |
| 17B. |
Branch pale yellow gray. Petiole 5-9 mm long. |
2. S. thorelii |
| |
No information. |
19. S. dinhensis
20. S. lucida
|