ABSTRACT
FLORA OF VIETNAM 17
1. SOLANACEAE Juss. 1789
(4 tribes, 5 subtribes, 16 genera, 64 species, 15 varieties; 1 gen., 1 sp. are not information)
INTRODUCTION
The family Solanaceae Juss. consists of about 96 genera, 2300 species which occur throughout the world. The centre of diversity lies in South America. In Vietnam, the family is represented by 16 genera, 64 species and 15 varieties. The family Solanaceae is also economically important as it is comprised of many species having medicinal, edible and ornamental species.
The taxonomy of Solanaceae was initially published by various workers such as: C. Linneaus (1753), A. Jussieu (1789); R. Brown (1810), G. Kuntze (1818), etc. Thereafter, some authors viz. G. Bentham & J. D. Hooker (1864), H. Melchior (1964), V. H. Heywood (1993), A. L. Takhtajan (1981, 1987, 1996), etc. In Indochina and Vietnam, the taxonomy of Solanaceae was worked by foreign authors like J. Loureiro (1790), G. Bonati (1915-1927); and Vietnamese authors like Pham Hoang Ho (1972, 1993, 1999), Le Kha Ke (1974), Nguyen Van Phu (1984), Nguyen Thi Nhan (1996), Nguyen Tien Ban (1997), Vu Van Hop & Nguyen Thi Nhan (2005). Besides, there are some publications about the uses of Solanaceae in Vietnam by Do Tat Loi (1995), Vo Van Chi (1997, 2012), etc.
In the countries neighbouring Vietnam, several authors studied Solanaceae such as S. Kurz (Mianma, 1877), C. A. Backer & R. C. Backhuizen van den Brink (Indonesia, 1965), K. Z. Kuang & A. M. Lu (China, 1978), etc.
Flora of Vietnam – Volume 17 (1) - Solanaceae Juss. is a taxonomic monograph of Solanaceae in Vietnam. The information presented here are an output of the collection, investigations and research carried out for many years in different regions of Vietnam. To bring out this volume, specimens of the family Solanaceae were collected in many regions of Vietnam with ecological observations. Specimens stored at several herbaria like Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Hanoi, Vietnam (HN); Hanoi University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam (HNU); Institute of Medicinal Materials, Hanoi, Vietnam (HNPM); Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Hanoi, Vietnam (HNPI); Institute of Tropical Biology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam (HM); Kunming Institute of Botanical, Academia Sinica, Kunming, Yunnan, China (KUN).
Part 1 of this book consists of 218 pages, including: introduction about the morphology (fig. 1-6) of Solanaceae in Vietnam, taxonomic publications, classification system adopted for Vietnamese Solanaceae, keys to genera and species, name of species (Latin and Vietnamese), references, description, synonyms, habitat, distribution, uses and notes (if any); 65 drawings, 28 pictures, and index of Latin and Vietnamese names, references. Literatures figures and photos from other sources are also used and properly acknowledged in this study.
I. CHECKLIST OF THE TAXA IN FAMILY SOLANACEAE IN VIETNAM
(4 trib., 5 subtrib., 16 gen., 64 sp., 15 var.; 1 gen., 1 sp. are not information)
Trib.1. SOLANEAE (3 subtrib., 8 gen., 52 sp., 15 var.)
Subtrib.1. LYCIINAE (1 gen., 3 sp.)
1. LYCIUM L. (3 sp.)
1.1. Lycium ruthenicum Murr. (fig. 7).
1.2. Lycium chinense Mill. (fig. 8, photo 1).
1.3. Lycium cochinchinense Lour.
Subtrib.2. SOLANINAE (6 gen., 47 sp., 15 var.)
2. PHYSALIS L. (5 sp.)
2.1. Physalis alkekengi L. (fig. 9).
2.2. Physalis peruviana L. (fig. 10).
2.3. Physalis minima L. (fig. 11).
2.4. Physalis angulata L. (fig. 12, photo 2).
2.5. Physalis cordata Mill. (fig. 13)
3. CAPSICUM L. (1sp., 8 var.)
3.1. Capsicum frutescens L. (fig. 14, photo 3).
3.1a. Capsicum frutescens var. fasciculatum Bail.
3.1b. Capsicum frutescens var. microcarpum (DC.) Bail.
3.1c. Capsicum frutescens var. conoides Bail.
3.1d. Capsicum frutescens var. cerasiforme Bail.
3.1e. Capsicum frutescens var. acuminatum Bail.
3.1f. Capsicum frutescens var. longum Bail.
3.1g. Capsicum frutescens var. grossum Bail.
3.1h. Capsicum frutescens var. abbreviatum Bail.
4. TUBOCAPSICUM (Wettst.) Makino (1 sp.).
4.1. Tubocapsicum anomalum (Franch. & Sav.) Makino (fig. 15).
5. SOLANUM L. (31 sp., 4 var.)
5.1. Solanum laciniatum Ait. (fig. 16).
5.2. Solanum erianthum D. Don (fig. 17, photo 4).
5.3. Solanum diphyllum L. (fig. 18).
5.4. Solanum spirale Roxb. (fig. 19, photo 5).
5.5. Solanum nigrum L. (fig. 20, photo 6).
5.6. Solanum pseudo-capsicum L. (fig. 21).
5.6a. Solanum pseudo-capsicum var. diflorum (Vell.) Bitter
5.7. Solanum dulcamara L. (fig. 22).
5.8. Solanum lyratum Thunb. (fig. 23).
5.9. Solanum pittosporifolium Hemsl. (fig. 24).
5.10. Solanum tuberosum L. (fig. 25).
5.11. Solanum seaforthianum Andr. (fig. 26).
5.12. Solanum robinsonii Bonati (fig. 27).
5.13. Solanum nienkui Merr. & Chun (fig. 28, photo 7).
5.14. Solanum procumbens Lour. (fig. 29, photo 8).
5.15. Solanum trilobatum L. (fig. 30).
5.16. Solanum torvum Sw. (fig. 31, photo 9).
5.17. Solanum violaceum Ortega (fig. 32, photo 10).
5.18. Solanum cyanocarphium Blume (fig. 33).
5.19. Solanum thorelii Bonati (fig. 34).
5.20. Solanum neogriffithii V. V. Hop & V. X. Phuong (fig. 35, photo 11).
5.21. Solanum lasiocarpum Dun. (fig. 36).
5.22. Solanum ferox L. (fig. 37).
5.23. Solanum mammosum L. (fig. 38, photo 12).
5.24. Solanum capsicoides All. (fig. 39).
5.25. Solanum viarum Dun. (fig. 40, photo 13).
5.26. Solanum album Lour. (fig. 41).
5.27. Solanum incanum L. (fig. 42).
5.28. Solanum melongena L. (fig. 43, photo 14).
5.28a. Solanum melongena var. esculentum Nees
5.28b. Solanum melongena var. depressum Bail.
5.28c. Solanum melongena var. serpentinum Bail.
5.29. Solanum mauritianum Scop.
5.30. Solanum camranhense S. Hul & Dy Phon (fig. 44)
5.31. Solanum aculeatissimum Jacq. (fig. 45)
6. LYCIANTHES (Dun.) Hassl. (8 sp.)
6.1. Lycianthes biflora (Lour.) Bitter (fig. 46, photo 15).
6.2. Lycianthes macrodon (Wall. ex Nees) Bitter (fig. 47).
6.3. Lycianthes neesiana (Wall. ex Nees) D’Arcy & Z. Y. Zhang (fig. 48).
6.4. Lycianthes baviensis V. V. Hop (fig. 49, photo 16).
6.5. Lycianthes laevis (Dun.) Bitter (fig. 50, photo 17).
6.6. Lycianthes bigeminata (Nees) Bitter (fig. 51).
6.7. Lycianthes lysimachioides (Wall.) Bitter (fig. 52).
6.8. Lycianthes denticulata (Blume) Bitter.
7. LYCOPERSICON Mill. (1 sp., 3 var.)
7.1. Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. (fig. 53, photo 18).
7.1a. Lycopersicon esculentum var. commune Bail.
7.1b. Lycopersicon esculentum var. pyriforme Bail.
7.1c. Lycopersicon esculentum var. cerasiforme (Dun.) A. Gray
Subtrib.3. MANDRAGORINAE (1 gen., 2 sp.)
8. CYPHOMANDRA Mart. ex Sendtn. (2 sp.)
8.1. Cyphomandra betacea (Cav.) Sendtn. (fig. 54, photo 19).
8.2. Cyphomandra godefroyi Bonati
Trib.2. DATUREAE (2 gen., 4 sp.)
9. DATURA L. (3 sp.)
9.1. Datura stramonium L. (fig. 55).
9.2. Datura inoxia Mill. (fig. 56, photo 21).
9.3. Datura metel L. (fig. 57, photo 20).
10. BRUGMANSIA Pers. (1 sp.)
10.1. Brugmansia suaveolens (Willd.) Bercht. & Presl (fig. 58, photo 22).
Trib.3. CESTREAE (2 subtrib., 3 gen., 5 sp.)
Subtrib.4. CESTRINAE (1 gen., 2 sp.)
11. CESTRUM L. (2 sp.)
11.1. Cestrum elegans (Brongn.) Schlechter (fig. 59).
11.2. Cestrum nocturnum L. (fig. 60, photo 23).
Subtrib.5. NICOTIANINAE (2 gen., 3 sp.)
12. NICOTIANA L. (2 sp.)
12.1. Nicotiana rustica L. (fig. 61, photo 24).
12.2. Nicotiana tabacum L. (fig. 62, photo 25).
13. PETUNIA Juss. (1 sp.)
13.1. Petunia x hybrida Hort. ex Vilmor. (fig. 63, photo 26).
Trib.4. SALPIGLOSSIDEAE (2 gen., 2 sp.)
14. BRUNFELSIA L. (1 sp.)
14.1. Brunfelsia pauciflora (Cham. & Schlecht.) Benth. (fig. 64, photo 28).
15. BROWALLIA L. (1 sp.)
15.1. Browallia americana L. (fig. 65, photo 27).
16. ATRICHODENDRON Gagnep. (1 sp.)
16.1. Atrichodendron tonkinense Gagnep.
II. KEY TO THE GENERA OF SOLANACEAE Juss. IN VIETNAM
| 1A. |
Corolla campanulate, wheel or short funnel-form (shorter than 1.3 cm) |
(Trib.1. Solaneae). |
| 2A. |
Corolla short funnel-form; lobes imbricate |
(Subtrib.1. Lyciinae)
1. LYCIUM
|
| 2B. |
Corolla campanulate, wheel, lobes valvate. |
|
| 3A. |
Anthers basifixed |
(Subtrib.2. Solaninae). |
| 4A. |
Calyx enlarged, covered all the fruit. |
2. PHYSALIS |
| 4B. |
Calyx not covered all the fruit |
|
| 5A. |
Androecium including erect anthers, free. |
|
| 6A. |
Corolla white, rarely blue or violet. Fruit a dry variously shaped berry. Anther purple |
3. CAPSICUM |
| 6B. |
Corolla bright yellow. Fruit a juicy globose berry. Anther yellowish. |
4. TUBOCAPSICUM |
| 5B. |
Androecium including anthers closed together or conneted to form collum around stigma. |
|
| 7A. |
Anther dehiscing by apical pores. Corolla white, violet or blue. |
|
| 8A. |
Calyx 5 lobes (rarely 4 lobes). |
5. SOLANUM |
| 8B. |
Calyx truncate or 1-10 teeth. |
6. LYCIANTHES |
| 7B. |
Anthers dehiscing longitudinally. Corolla yellow. |
7. LYCOPERSICON |
| 3B. |
Anthers dorsifixed |
(Subtrib.3. Mandragorinae)
8. CYPHOMANDRA
|
| 1B. |
Corolla tube or long funnel-form (longer than 1,3 cm). |
|
| 9A. |
Corolla longer than 5 cm |
(Trib.2. Datureae). |
| 10A. |
Flowers shorter than 20 cm. Fruit prickly or papillate. |
9. DATURA |
| 10B. |
Flowers longer than 20 cm. Fruit glabrous. |
10. BRUGMANSIA |
| 9A. |
Corolla longer than 5 cm |
(Trib.2. Datureae). |
| 10A. |
Flowers shorter than 20 cm. Fruit prickly or papillate |
9. DATURA |
| 10B. |
Flowers longer than 20 cm. Fruit glabrous. |
10. BRUGMANSIA |
| 9B. |
Corolla shorter than 5 cm. |
|
| 11A. |
Stamens 5 |
(Trib.3. Cestreae). |
| 12A. |
Shrub. Petals valvate. Berry |
(Subtrib.4. Cestrinae)
11. CESTRUM
|
| 12B. |
Annual herb. Petals imbricate. Capsule |
(Subtrib.5. Nicotianinae). |
| 13A. |
Inflorescence panicle in terminal; bracts present. |
12. NICOTIANA |
| 13B. |
Flower solitary in axillary; bracts absent. |
13. PETUNIA |
| 11B. |
Stamens 4 |
(Trib.4. Salpiglossideae). |
| 14A. |
Shrub, glandular hair absent. Flowers solitary rarely 2-3, only in terminal. |
14. BRUNFELSIA |
| 14B. |
Herb, glandular hair. Flowers solitary on lower, cymes on upper of branch |
15. BROWALLIA |
| |
Not information. |
16. ATRICHODENDRON |
III. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SOLANACEAE Juss. IN VIETNAM
3.1. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF LYCIUM IN VIETNAM
| 1A. |
Black berry, globose. Leaves narrow lanceolate. Corolla tube twice longer than lobes |
1. L. ruthenicum |
| 1B. |
Red berry, ovate or narrow elliptic. Leaves ovate, rhomboid or elliptic. Corolla tube shorter or as long as lobes. |
2. L. chinense |
| |
Not information. |
3. L. cochinchinense |
3.2. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF PHYSALIS IN VIETNAM
| 1A. |
Calyx remain in fruit, orange, leather. Corolla white, light green or yellow spot on throut. Anther yellow. |
1. P. alkekengi |
| 1B. |
Calyx remain in fruit, green or light yellow, papery. Corolla yellowish or yellow, sometimes purple or brown on throut. Anther purple, greenish or yellowish. |
2. L. chinense |
| 2A. |
Perennial herb, pubescent or densely tomentosa. Leaves cordate. Anther longer than 3 mm |
2. P. peruviana |
| 2B. |
Annual herb, glabrous or scattered hair. Leaves base cunnate. Anther shorter than 3 mm. |
|
| 3A. |
Stem with long hair. Calyx 2.5-3 mm long. Fruit pedicell 3-8 mm long. |
3. P. minima |
| 3B. |
Stem glabrous or short hair. Calyx 4-5 mm long. Fruit pedicell 10-25 mm long. |
4. P. angulata |
| |
Not information. |
5. P. cordata |
3.3. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF CAPSICUM IN VIETNAM
| |
Corolla white, rarely blue or violet. Fruit a dry variously shaped berry. Anther purple |
C. frutescens |
| 1A. |
Fruit straight |
|
| |
– Leaves narrow, fruit straight in group to 3, red, very hot |
1a. C. frutescens var. fasciculatum |
| |
– Two years herb, fruit very small, red, very hot, may be in wild (birds eat the fruit) |
1b. C. frutescens var. microcarpum. |
| |
– Fruit cudgel shape, 2-4 cm tall, violet. |
1c. C. frutescens var. conoides |
| |
– Fruit straight or hang down, globose, red, hot. |
1d. C. frutescens var. cerasiforme |
| 1B. |
Fruits druping |
|
| |
– Fruit 7-10 cm long, acuminate, red, hot. |
1e. C. frutescens var. acuminatum |
| |
– Fruit 20-30 cm long, acuminate, yellow or red. Ornamental. |
1f. C. frutescens var. longum |
| |
– Big fruit, yellow or red in mature, smell, not hot. Used as vegetable. |
1g. C. frutescens var. grossum |
| |
– Fruit compressed, channel, yellow, orange rarelly red in mature, may be very hot. |
1h. C. frutescens var. abbreviatum |
3.4. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF TUBOCAPSICUM IN VIETNAM
| Corolla bright yellow. Fruit a juicy globose berry. Anther yellowish. |
T. anomalum |
3.5. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SOLANUM IN VIETNAM
| 1A. |
Stem unarmed. Anther elliptic or ovate. |
C. frutescens |
| 2A. |
Petals apical retuse. Fruit ovate or elliptic. |
1. S. laciniatum |
| 2B. |
Petals deltoid, ovate, elliptic or lanceolate. Fruit globose, rarely ovate. |
|
| 3A. |
Stellate hair covered throughout the tree. Inflorescence peduncle big and strong. |
S. erianthum |
| 3B. |
Tree glabrous or solitary hair. Inflorescence peduncle small and slender. |
|
| 4A. |
Flower solitary, in pair or simple inflorescence: racemus, umbell or cicinnus. |
|
| 5A. |
Inflorescence simple. Berry yellow or black when mature. |
|
| 6A. |
Leaves usually in irregular pair. Berry yellow. |
|
| 7A. |
Leaves glabrous. Inflorescens cicinnus. Calyx 5 mm long. Anther 1.5 mm long |
3. S. diphyllum |
| 7B. |
Leaves hair on vain axil abaxial. Inflorecens thysoid. Calyx 8-10 mm long. Anther 3-3.5 mm long. |
4. S. spirale |
| 6B. |
Leaves simple, alternate. Berry black. |
5. S. nigrum |
| 5B. |
Flower solitary or in pair. Berry red. |
6. S. pseudo-capsicum |
| |
– Stem, leaves, inflorescens has branching hairs. Anther smaller. Berry, orange in mature |
6a. S. pseudo-capsicum var. diflorum |
| 4B. |
Composite inflorescence: pleiochasium dichasium duplicate, dichasium duplicate or panicle. |
|
| 8A. |
Inflorescens pleiochasium dichasium duplicate. Leaves entire or lobed. |
|
| 9A. |
Leaves alternate in irregular pairs. Anthers connated. |
7. S. dulcamara |
| 9B. |
Leaves simple, alternate. Anthers not connated. |
|
| 10A. |
Branch and leaves tomentose. Leaves elliptic |
8. S. lyratum |
| 10B. |
Branch and leaves glabrous. Leaves lanceolate or narrow ovate. |
9. S. pittosporifolium |
| 8B. |
Inflorescence dichasium duplicate or panicle. Leaves deeply lobed. |
|
| 11A. |
Leaves interrupted pinnate. Calyx sparsely tomentose; lobes lanceolate. Berry green or yellow green. |
10. S. tuberosum |
| 11B. |
Leaves pinnate. Calyx glabrous; lobes short triangular or truncate. Berry red. |
11. S. seaforthianum |
| 1B. |
Stem with spines, rarely unarmed. Anthers lanceolate. |
|
| 12A. |
Fruit small, globose, smaller than 1.5 cm in diameter. |
|
| 13A. |
Calyx only cover fruit base. |
|
| 14A. |
Stem unarmed or spines 1 mm long. Leaves entire or nearly entire. |
|
| 15A. |
Stem unarmed. Petals lanceolate. Anther 8-9 mm long. |
12. S. robinsonii |
| 15B. |
Stem had spines. Petals ovate-triangular. Anther 4-6 mm long. |
13. S. nienkui |
| 14B. |
Stem with spines more than 1 mm long. Leaves lobed or parted. |
|
| 16A. |
Decumbent or climbing herb. Inflorescens circinnus. |
|
| 17A. |
Flower in 4 form. Sepals triangular. Petals lanceolate. |
14. S. procumbens |
| 17B. |
Flower in 5 form. Sepals lanceolate, acuminate. Petals ovate. |
15. S. trilobatum |
| 16B. |
Herb or shrub. Inflorescence raceme simple or branched. |
|
| 18A. |
Inflorescence racemus branching. Corolla white. Stigma glabrous. Berry yellow |
16. S. torvum |
| 18B. |
Inflorescens recemus simplex. Corolla blue violet. Stigma tomentose. Berry orange |
17. S. violaceum |
| 13B. |
Calyx cover half on fruit. |
|
| 19A. |
Corolla violet. Ovary glandulate hair. |
18. S. cyanocarphium |
| 19B. |
Corolla white. Ovary glabrous. |
|
| 20A. |
Leaves narrow ovate. Sepals triangular, tip line like. Anthers 4-4.5 mm long |
19. S. thorelii |
| 20B. |
Leaves broad ovate or obovate. Sepals lanceolate. Anthers 5.5-6 mm long |
20. S. neogriffithii |
| 12B. |
Big fruit, varying shape, more than 1.5 cm in diameter. |
|
| 21A. |
Fruit tomentose. Inflorescence raceme. |
|
| 22A. |
Calyx cover only at fruit base, unamred. |
21. S. lasiocarpum |
| 22B. |
Calyx cover almost fruit, many spines. |
22. S. ferox |
| 21B. |
Fruit glabrous. Inflorescence cincinnus or flowers solitary. |
|
| 23A. |
Fruit with nipples. Inflorescence cincinnus. |
23. S. mammosum |
| 23B. |
Fruit without nipples. Inflorescence cincinnus and flowers solitary |
|
| 24A. |
Fruit red when mature. Seed winged. |
24. S. capsicoides |
| 24B. |
Fruit yellow, violet or white. Seed without wing. |
|
| 25A. |
Corolla deeply divided. Ovary tomentose. |
25. S. viarum |
| 25B. |
Corolla shallowly divided. Ovary glabrous. |
|
| 26A. |
Fruit globose, smaller than 3 cm in diameter. |
|
| 27A. |
Leaves usually unarmed. Calyx unarmed. |
26. S. album |
| 27B. |
Leaves many spines. Calyx spine. |
27. S. incanum |
| 26B. |
Fruit varying shape, larger than 3 cm. |
28. S. melongena |
| |
– Fruit long, violet. |
28a. S. melongena var. esculentum |
| |
– Fruit compressed, white. |
28b. S. melongena var. depressum |
| |
– Fruit longer 25 cm, white. |
28c. S. melongena var. serpentinum |
| |
Not information . |
29. S. mauritianum
30. S. camranhense
31. S. aculeatissimum
|
3.6. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF LYCIANTHES IN VIETNAM
| 1A. |
Shrub or erect herb; without radix on notch. Flowers concentrated into group, rarely solitary. |
|
| 2A. |
Calyx in fruit dentate. |
|
| 3A. |
Branch, leaves and calyx tomentose. |
|
| 4A. |
Young branch, petiole, pedicel and calyx having simple and branched hair. |
1. L. biflora |
| 4B. |
Young branch, petiole, pedicel and calyx having simple hair. |
|
| 5A. |
Calyx teeth 5-5.5 mm long. |
2. L. macrodon |
| 5B. |
Calyx teeth 0.5-1 mm long. |
3. L. neesiana |
| 3B. |
Branch, leaves and calyx glabrous. |
|
| 6A. |
Calyx teeth in fruit 7-10, 2-5 mm long. |
4. L. baviensis |
| 6B. |
Calyx teeth in fruit 1-5, 0.5-1 mm long. |
5. L. laevis |
| 2B. |
Calyx in fruit without teeth. |
6. L. bigeminata |
| 1B. |
Procumbent herb; radix on notch. Flower solitary, rarely 2 |
7. L. lysimachioides |
| |
Not information. |
8. L. denticulata |
3.7. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF LYCOPERSICON IN VIETNAM
| – Anthers dehiscing longitudinally. Corolla yellow. |
1. L. esculentum |
| – Cultivated. Fruit round angle. |
1a. L. esculentum var. commune |
| – Cultivated. Fruit ovate. |
1b. L. esculentum var. pyriforme |
| – Fruit smaller than 2 cm in diameter. Flower 5 form. |
1c. L. esculentum var. cerasiforme |
3.8. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF CYPHOMANDRA IN VIETNAM
| 1A. |
Leaves ovate, cordate base; petiole 4-7 cm long. Calyx 6 mm long. |
1. C. betacea |
| 1B. |
Leaves lanceolate, base attenuate to petiole; petiole 1-1.5 cm. Calyx 2-3 mm long. |
2. C. godefroyi |
3.9. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF DATURA IN VIETNAM
| 1A. |
Capsule opened by 4 regular valves. Calyx tube 5 angled. Corolla 6-10 cm long. Seed black. |
1. D. stramonium |
| 1B. |
Capsule, opened by 4 irregular valves. Calyx tube cylindrical. Corolla 14-20 cm long. Seed brown. |
|
| 2A. |
Tree with glandular hair. Capsule tomentose with slender spines. |
2. D. inoxia |
| 2B. |
Tree glabrous. Capsule having small knot or stout base spines. |
3. D. metel |
3.10. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF BRUGMANSIA IN VIETNAM
| Flowers longer than 20 cm. Fruit glabrous. |
B. suaveolens |
3.11. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF CESTRUM IN VIETNAM
| 1A. |
Corolla violet. Berry globose, dark pink. Stem gray pink, tomentosa. |
1. C. elegans |
| 1B. |
Corolla light yellow or pale white green. Berry elliptic, white. Stem white gray, glabrous |
2. C. nocturnum |
3.12. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF NICOTIANA IN VIETNAM
| 1A. |
Leaves peduncle not winged. Seed 1 mm long. |
1. N. rustica |
| 1B. |
Leaves peduncle winged or nearly without peduncle. Seed 0.5 mm long. |
2. N. tabacum |
3.13. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF PETUNIA IN VIETNAM
| Flower solitary in axillary; bracts absent. |
P. petunia x hybrida |
3.14. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF BRUNFELSIA IN VIETNAM
| Shrub, glandular hair absent. Flower solitary rarely 2-3, only in terminal. |
B. pauciflora |
3.15. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF BROWALLIA IN VIETNAM
| Herb, glandular hair. Flower solitary on lower, cymes on upper of branch. |
B. americana |
3.16. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF ATRICHODENDRON IN VIETNAM
| Not information . |
A. tonkinense |